Lozano Wilson M, Arias-Mutis Oscar J, Calvo Conrado J, Chorro Francisco J, Zarzoso Manuel
Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2019 Jul 20;9(7):463. doi: 10.3390/ani9070463.
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become a growing problem for public health and clinical practice, given their increased prevalence due to the rise of sedentary lifestyles and excessive caloric intake from processed food rich in fat and sugar. There are several definitions of MetS, but most of them describe it as a cluster of cardiovascular and metabolic alterations such as abdominal obesity, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, glucose intolerance, and hypertension. Diagnosis requires three out of these five criteria to be present. Despite the increasing prevalence of MetS, the understanding of its pathophysiology and relationship with disease is still limited. Indeed, the pathological consequences of MetS components have been reported individually, but investigations that have studied the effect of the combination of MeS components on organ pathological remodeling are almost nonexistent. On the other hand, animal models are a powerful tool in understanding the mechanisms that underlie pathological processes such as MetS. In the first part of the review, we will briefly overview the advantages, disadvantages and pathological manifestations of MetS in porcine, canine, rodent, and rabbit diet-induced experimental models. Then, we will focus on the different dietary regimes that have been used in rabbits to induce MetS by means of high-fat, cholesterol, sucrose or fructose-enriched diets and their effects on physiological systems and organ remodeling. Finally, we will discuss the use of dietary regimes in different transgenic strains and special rabbit breeds.
肥胖和代谢综合征（MetS）已成为公共卫生和临床实践中日益严重的问题，这是由于久坐不动的生活方式增加以及富含脂肪和糖的加工食品热量摄入过多，导致其患病率上升。MetS有多种定义，但大多数将其描述为心血管和代谢改变的集合，如腹型肥胖、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）降低、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇升高、甘油三酯升高、葡萄糖耐量异常和高血压。诊断需要具备这五个标准中的三项。尽管MetS的患病率不断上升，但对其病理生理学及其与疾病的关系的了解仍然有限。确实，已分别报道了MetS各组成部分的病理后果，但几乎不存在研究MetS各组成部分组合对器官病理重塑影响的调查。另一方面，动物模型是理解诸如MetS等病理过程潜在机制的有力工具。在综述的第一部分，我们将简要概述猪、犬、啮齿动物和兔饮食诱导实验模型中MetS的优缺点和病理表现。然后，我们将重点关注在兔子中用于通过高脂、高胆固醇、高蔗糖或高果糖饮食诱导MetS的不同饮食方案及其对生理系统和器官重塑的影响。最后，我们将讨论不同转基因品系和特殊兔品种中饮食方案的应用。
