Shahrestanaki Yousof Akbari, Khankeh Hamidreza, Masoumi Gholamreza, Hosseini Mohammadali
Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Educ Health Promot. 2019 Jun 27;8:110. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_24_19. eCollection 2019.
An important indicator increasing the survival chances of patients and injured people immediately after emergency and disaster is the rapid access to medical services. The establishment of Emergency and Disaster Medical Response Teams (EDMRTs) is one of the main strategies to improve response capacity and capability in the field of EDMRT. This study aimed to probe the structural factors influencing of EDMRTs.
In this study, a comparative review method was used. The current study was conducted between March 2017 and September 2018. For this, articles, books, formal reports, and information concerning the available websites regarding the structure of EDMRTs were analyzed. To access relevant scientific articles, an extensive search was carried out in several steps using divergent keywords in the Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. After accessing the resources and documents, the process of analyzing and comparing different team structures was carried out using content analysis.
Following the search of relevant databases and websites, the structure of EDMRTs in the United States, Australia, Japan, Turkey, New Zealand, Canada, and the World Health Organization were taken into consideration and compared. Two areas of "Organization and Management" as well as "Capacity and Capability Development" were explored along with multiple subsets.
The results of this study revealed that the model and structure of EDMRTs have direct relationship with such elements as the structure of the disaster risk management system, risk assessment, impact of the hazards and medical needs of the affected area, population distribution, level of team activity, and timing of the teams' presence after disasters. The research team recommends designing and conducting studies for determine the roles and responsibilities of the teams.
在紧急情况和灾难发生后，提高患者和受伤人员生存几率的一个重要指标是能否迅速获得医疗服务。组建应急与灾难医疗响应团队（EDMRTs）是提高应急与灾难医疗响应领域响应能力的主要策略之一。本研究旨在探究影响应急与灾难医疗响应团队的结构因素。
本研究采用比较综述法。研究于2017年3月至2018年9月进行。为此，对有关应急与灾难医疗响应团队结构的文章、书籍、正式报告以及相关网站信息进行了分析。为获取相关科学文章，在Scopus、ProQuest、PubMed、ScienceDirect和谷歌学术数据库中使用不同关键词分几步进行了广泛搜索。获取资源和文件后，采用内容分析法对不同团队结构进行分析和比较。
在搜索相关数据库和网站后，考虑并比较了美国、澳大利亚、日本、土耳其、新西兰、加拿大以及世界卫生组织的应急与灾难医疗响应团队结构。探讨了“组织与管理”以及“能力与能力发展”两个领域以及多个子领域。
本研究结果表明，应急与灾难医疗响应团队的模式和结构与灾害风险管理系统的结构、风险评估、灾害影响和受灾地区的医疗需求、人口分布、团队活动水平以及灾难后团队到达的时间等因素直接相关。研究团队建议设计并开展研究以确定各团队的角色和职责。
