Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2020 Jun;33:18-22. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.006. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
All human societies are organized hierarchically, and individuals who occupy positions of high social rank typically acquire fitness advantages over lower ranking group members. Here, we argue that certain emotions function, at least in part, to help individuals successfully navigate these hierarchies. We review evidence suggesting that nine distinct emotions - pride, shame, anger, fear, sadness, disgust, contempt, envy, and admiration - influence social rank outcomes in important ways; most notably subjective experiences of these emotions motivate adaptive status-relevant behavior, and nonverbal expressions associated with these emotions send adaptive messages to others which facilitate expressers' attainment and maintenance of social rank. In sum, the reviewed emotions are thought to have intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences relevant to the navigation of social hierarchies.
所有的人类社会都是按等级组织起来的，占据社会等级高位的个体通常比处于低等级的个体获得更多的适应性优势。在这里，我们认为某些情绪至少在一定程度上有助于个体成功地在这些等级制度中生存。我们回顾了一些证据，表明九种不同的情绪——骄傲、羞耻、愤怒、恐惧、悲伤、厌恶、蔑视、嫉妒和钦佩——以重要的方式影响社会等级结果；这些情绪的主观体验最显著地激发了与地位相关的适应性行为，而与这些情绪相关的非言语表达向他人传递了适应性信息，从而促进了表达者获得和维持社会地位。总之，被审查的情绪被认为对社会等级制度的导航具有内在和人际的后果。
