Shariff Azim F, Tracy Jessica L
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Emotion. 2009 Oct;9(5):631-9. doi: 10.1037/a0017089.
Evolutionary theory suggests that the universal recognition of nonverbal expressions of emotions functions to enhance fitness. Specifically, emotion expressions may send survival-relevant messages to other social group members, who have the capacity to automatically interpret these signals. In the present research, we used 3 different implicit association methodologies to test whether the nonverbal expression of pride sends a functional, automatically perceived signal about a social group member's increased social status. Results suggest that the pride expression strongly signals high status, and this association cannot be accounted for by positive valence or artifacts of the expression such as expanded size due to outstretched arms. These findings suggest that the pride expression may function to uniquely communicate the high status of those who show it. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for social functions of emotion expressions and the automatic communication of status.
进化理论表明，对情绪非语言表达的普遍认知具有增强适应性的作用。具体而言，情绪表达可能会向其他社会群体成员传递与生存相关的信息，而这些成员有能力自动解读这些信号。在本研究中，我们使用了三种不同的内隐联想方法来测试自豪的非语言表达是否会发出一个关于社会群体成员社会地位提升的功能性、自动被感知的信号。结果表明，自豪的表情强烈地暗示着高地位，并且这种关联不能用正效价或表情的假象（如因伸展双臂而变大的尺寸）来解释。这些发现表明，自豪的表情可能具有独特的功能，用于传达展示者的高地位。讨论聚焦于这些发现对情绪表达的社会功能以及地位自动传达的意义。
