Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra Nnal IV, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy.
Molecules. 2019 Jul 24;24(15):2681. doi: 10.3390/molecules24152681.
Vegetal leftovers from the agro-food industry represent a huge source of primary and secondary metabolites, vitamin, mineral salts and soluble as well as insoluble fibers. Economic reports on the growth in the polyphenol market have driven us to focus our investigation on chicory ( L.), which is one of the most popular horticultural plants in the world and a rich source of phenolic compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and their simultaneous combination, using either ethanol/water or water alone (also sub-critical), have been investigated with the aim of designing a green and efficient extraction process. Higher total-polyphenol yields as well as dramatic reductions in extraction times and solvent consumption have been obtained under these conditions. ANOVA test for analyses of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc test of multiple comparisons was used in the statistical analysis. MAE experiments performed with sub-critical water, and MW/US experiments with an ethanol solution have shown polyphenol recovery values of up to ~3 g of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per kg of fresh material in only 15 min, while conventional extraction required 240 min to obtain the same result.
农业食品工业的植物废料是初级和次级代谢物、维生素、矿物质盐以及可溶和不可溶纤维的巨大来源。关于多酚市场增长的经济报告促使我们将研究重点放在菊苣（L.）上，菊苣是世界上最受欢迎的园艺植物之一，也是酚类化合物的丰富来源。我们研究了超声辅助提取（UAE）、微波辅助提取（MAE）及其同时组合，使用乙醇/水或水（也包括亚临界），旨在设计一种绿色高效的提取工艺。在这些条件下，可以获得更高的总多酚产率，以及显著缩短提取时间和减少溶剂消耗。方差分析（ANOVA）测试用于方差分析，然后是 Tukey 诚实显著差异（HSD）事后检验用于多重比较。使用亚临界水进行 MAE 实验，以及使用乙醇溶液进行 MW/US 实验，在仅 15 分钟内就可以从每公斤新鲜材料中回收高达~3 克没食子酸当量（GAE）的多酚，而传统提取需要 240 分钟才能达到相同的效果。
