Dedloff Margaret R, Effler Callie S, Holban Alina Maria, Gestal Monica C
Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Lee University, Cleveland, TN 37311, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2019 Jul 31;12(15):2445. doi: 10.3390/ma12152445.
Communicable respiratory infections are the cause of a significant number of infectious diseases. The introduction of vaccinations has greatly improved this situation. Moreover, adjuvants have allowed for vaccines to be more effective with fewer adverse side effects. However, there is still space for improvement because while the more common injected formulations induce a systematic immunity, they do not confer the mucosal immunity needed for more thorough prevention of the spread of respiratory disease. Intranasal formulations provide systemic and mucosal immune protection, but they have the potential for more serious side effects and a less robust immune response. This review looks at seven different adjuvants-chitosan, starch, alginate, gellan, β-glucan, emulsan and hyaluronic acid-and their prospective ability to improve intranasal vaccines as adjuvants and antigen delivery systems.
传染性呼吸道感染是许多传染病的病因。疫苗接种的引入极大地改善了这种状况。此外，佐剂使疫苗在副作用更少的情况下更有效。然而，仍有改进空间，因为虽然更常见的注射剂型可诱导全身免疫，但它们无法提供更全面预防呼吸道疾病传播所需的黏膜免疫。鼻内剂型可提供全身和黏膜免疫保护，但它们有产生更严重副作用和免疫反应较弱的可能性。本综述探讨了七种不同的佐剂——壳聚糖、淀粉、藻酸盐、结冷胶、β-葡聚糖、乳化剂和透明质酸——以及它们作为佐剂和抗原递送系统改善鼻内疫苗的潜在能力。
