Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Oct 1;110(4):891-902. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz149.
Low-glycemic index (GI) diets are thought to reduce postprandial glycemia, resulting in more stable blood glucose concentrations.
We hypothesized that low-GI diets would be superior to other diet types in lowering measures of blood glucose control in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance.
We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and clinical trials registries for published and unpublished studies up until 1 March, 2019. We included 54 randomized controlled trials in adults or children with impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, or type 2 diabetes. Continuous data were synthesized using a random effects, inverse variance model, and presented as standardized mean differences with 95% CIs.
Low-GI diets were effective at reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, BMI, total cholesterol, and LDL, but had no effect on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL, triglycerides, or insulin requirements. The reduction in fasting glucose and HbA1c was inversely correlated with body weight. The greatest reduction in fasting blood glucose was seen in the studies of the longest duration.
Low-GI diets may be useful for glycemic control and may reduce body weight in people with prediabetes or diabetes.
低升糖指数（GI）饮食被认为可以降低餐后血糖，从而使血糖浓度更稳定。
我们假设低 GI 饮食在控制 1 型或 2 型糖尿病或糖耐量受损患者的血糖方面优于其他饮食类型。
我们检索了 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、EMBASE 和临床试验注册库，截至 2019 年 3 月 1 日，检索到已发表和未发表的研究。我们纳入了 54 项针对糖耐量受损、1 型糖尿病或 2 型糖尿病成人或儿童的随机对照试验。使用随机效应、逆方差模型对连续数据进行综合，并以标准化均数差值（95%置信区间）表示。
低 GI 饮食可有效降低糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖、BMI、总胆固醇和 LDL，但对空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR、HDL、甘油三酯或胰岛素需求没有影响。空腹血糖和 HbA1c 的降低与体重呈负相关。空腹血糖降低幅度最大的是研究时间最长的研究。
低 GI 饮食可能有助于血糖控制，并可能减轻糖尿病前期或糖尿病患者的体重。
