Bernabé-Valero Gloria, Moret-Tatay Carmen, Iborra-Marmolejo Isabel, Blasco-Magraner José Salvador
Departamento de Ciencias de la Ocupación, Logopedia, Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.
Departamento de Metodología, Psicología Básica y Psicología Social, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 17;10:1094. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01094. eCollection 2019.
The importance of trait indebtedness in the context of the study of gratitude has been growing in recent years, since both constructs form complex dynamics in response to the reception of a gift. In this work, the disposition to feel indebtedness is studied, through analysis of convergence and divergence, exploratory, and confirmatory analysis in the Spanish population, with the most used measurement instrument, i.e. The Revised Indebtedness Scale, IS-R. This scale depicted a four factor solution interrelated with a high consistency of content, which allows their labeling and describing. To do this, two samples of university students were selected; one of the sample sizes had 229 participants and the other 200 participants. Results also indicated good internal consistency described as follows: Debt for material aspects (α = 0.81), Self-sufficiency and discomfort in receiving help (α = 0.82), Moral self-demand in the reception of help (α = 0.83) and Debt in the receipt of gifts (α = 0.75). Furthermore, it was suggested that the relationships between gratitude and indebtedness are complex: on the one hand, all the indebtedness factors are inversely correlated with gratitude, such as the GQ5, although only Self-sufficiency and discomfort in receiving help and Debt in the receipt of gifts are such to a significant extent. However, the Interpersonal Gratitude scale of the G-20 depicted low correlations only with the Self-sufficiency and discomfort. The results are discussed in relation to the need for conceptual definition of the constructs in Positive Psychology.
近年来，特质负债感在感恩研究中的重要性不断增加，因为这两种构念在对礼物接受的反应中形成了复杂的动态关系。在这项研究中，通过对西班牙人群进行收敛性和发散性分析、探索性分析以及验证性分析，使用最常用的测量工具即修订后的负债感量表（IS-R），来研究产生负债感的倾向。该量表呈现出一个四因素解决方案，各因素之间相互关联，内容一致性高，这有助于对其进行标记和描述。为此，选取了两个大学生样本；其中一个样本有229名参与者，另一个有200名参与者。结果还表明具有良好的内部一致性，具体如下：物质方面的负债感（α = 0.81）、接受帮助时的自给自足和不适感（α = 0.82）、接受帮助时的道德自我要求（α = 0.83）以及接受礼物时的负债感（α = 0.75）。此外，研究表明感恩与负债感之间的关系很复杂：一方面，所有负债感因素都与感恩呈负相关，比如感恩问卷简版（GQ5），不过只有接受帮助时的自给自足和不适感以及接受礼物时的负债感在很大程度上呈负相关。然而，G-20人际感恩量表仅与自给自足和不适感呈现出低相关性。针对积极心理学中这些构念的概念定义需求，对研究结果进行了讨论。
