体育锻炼对肠道微生物群、炎症及代谢紊乱病理生物学的影响。
Impact of Physical Exercise on Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and the Pathobiology of Metabolic Disorders.
作者信息
Sohail Muhammad U, Yassine Hadi M, Sohail Aaqib, Thani Asmaa A Al
机构信息
Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
出版信息
Rev Diabet Stud. 2019;15:35-48. doi: 10.1900/RDS.2019.15.35. Epub 2019 Aug 4.
BACKGROUND
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbors a complex and diverse microbial composition that outnumbers our own body cells and their gene contents. These microbes play a significant role in host metabolism and energy homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the GIT microbiome significantly contributes to host health and that impairments in the microbiome may cause the development of metabolic diseases. The microbiome architecture is shaped by several genetic and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. Physical exercise has preventive or therapeutic effects in respiratory, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and muscular diseases. Yet, we still have little information of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on GIT health and microbial composition. Furthermore, we are not aware whether exercise-derived benefits on microbiome diversity can beneficially influence other tissues and body organs.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this article is to review the available literature on exercise-induced microbiome changes and to explain how these changes may induce inflammatory, immune, and oxidative responses that may contribute to the improvement of metabolic disorders.
METHODS
A systemic and comprehensive search of the relevant literature using MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases was conducted during fall 2018 and spring 2019. The search identified sixty-two research and review articles that discussed exercise-induced microbiome changes.
RESULTS
The review of the relevant literature suggests that exercise-induced microbial changes affect the host's immune pathways and improve energy homeostasis. Microbes release certain neuroendocrine and immune-modulatory factors that may lower inflammatory and oxidative stress and relieve patients suffering from metabolic disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
Exercise-induced changes in microbial diversity are able to improve tissue metabolism, cardiorespiratory fitness, and insulin resistance.
背景
胃肠道（GIT）拥有复杂多样的微生物群落，其数量超过我们自身的体细胞及其基因含量。这些微生物在宿主代谢和能量稳态中发挥着重要作用。新出现的证据表明，胃肠道微生物群对宿主健康有显著贡献，微生物群的损伤可能导致代谢疾病的发生。微生物群结构受多种遗传和环境因素影响，包括营养和体育活动。体育锻炼对呼吸、心血管、神经内分泌和肌肉疾病具有预防或治疗作用。然而，我们对体育锻炼对胃肠道健康和微生物组成的有益影响仍知之甚少。此外，我们不清楚运动对微生物群多样性的益处是否能有益地影响其他组织和身体器官。
目的
本文旨在综述关于运动引起的微生物群变化的现有文献，并解释这些变化如何引发可能有助于改善代谢紊乱的炎症、免疫和氧化反应。
方法
在2018年秋季和2019年春季，使用MEDLINE和谷歌学术数据库对相关文献进行了系统全面的检索。检索确定了62篇讨论运动引起的微生物群变化的研究和综述文章。
结果
对相关文献的综述表明，运动引起的微生物变化会影响宿主的免疫途径并改善能量稳态。微生物释放某些神经内分泌和免疫调节因子，可能降低炎症和氧化应激，缓解代谢紊乱患者的症状。
结论
运动引起的微生物多样性变化能够改善组织代谢、心肺功能和胰岛素抵抗。
Zotero 插件