AcSIR (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research), CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute) Campus, Nagpur, 440020, India.
Director's Research Cell, CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute), Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Oct;26(28):28650-28667. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06043-8. Epub 2019 Aug 6.
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are extensively used in different industries and are synthesized in large quantity due to their heavy demand worldwide. The broad use of NACs poses a serious pollution threat. The treatment processes used for the removal of NACs are not effective and sustainable, leading to their release into the environment. The nitro group attached to benzene ring makes the compounds recalcitrant due to which they persist in the environment. Being hazardous to human as well as other living organisms, NACs are listed in the USEPA's priority pollutant group. This review provides updated information on the sources of NACs, prevalence in different environmental matrices, and recent developments in methods of their detection, with emphasis on current trends as well as future prospects. The harmful effects of NACs due to exposure through different routes are also highlighted. Further, the technologies reported for the treatment of NACs, including physico-chemical and biological methods, and the challenges faced for their effective implementation are discussed. Thus, the review discusses relevant issues in detail making suitable recommendations, which can be helpful in guiding further research in this subject.
硝基芳香族化合物（NACs）在不同的行业中被广泛应用，由于全球需求量大，其合成量也很大。NACs 的广泛使用对环境造成了严重的污染威胁。用于去除 NACs 的处理工艺并不有效且可持续，导致它们被释放到环境中。由于苯环上的硝基基团，这些化合物具有抗降解性，因此它们在环境中持久存在。NACs 对人类和其他生物都有危害，已被美国环保署列入优先污染物名单。本综述提供了关于 NACs 的来源、在不同环境基质中的存在情况以及检测方法的最新进展的信息，重点介绍了当前的趋势和未来的前景。还强调了因通过不同途径接触 NACs 而产生的有害影响。此外，还讨论了用于处理 NACs 的技术，包括物理化学和生物方法，以及在有效实施这些方法方面面临的挑战。因此，本综述详细讨论了相关问题，并提出了适当的建议，这有助于指导该领域的进一步研究。
