Gagliano Candela Rossella, Maggi Filippo, Lazzara Giuseppe, Rosselli Sergio, Bruno Maurizio
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2019 Aug 24;8(9):300. doi: 10.3390/plants8090300.
Many chemicals used nowadays for the preservation of cultural heritage pose a risk to both human health and the environment. Thus, it is desirable to find new and eco-friendly biocides that can replace the synthetic ones. In this regard, plant essential oils represent effective alternatives to synthetic substances for the preservation of historical monuments. (syn. ) is a medicinal and aromatic plant growing in the Mediterranean area and endowed with important pharmacological properties related to its essential oil. Among them, the antimicrobial ones make the essential oil an ideal candidate for industrial applications; for instance, as biocide for the inhibition and elimination of biological patinas of cyanobacteria and green algae on historical monuments. In the present work, we studied the chemical composition of the essential oil from growing in Malta by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major volatile component is the phenolic monoterpene carvacrol (73.2%), which is capable of damaging the cytoplasmic membrane and to interfere both in the growth curve and in the invasive capacity, though the contribution of minor components γ-terpinene and -cymene cannot be disregarded. For the oil application on the stone surface, Pickering emulsions systems were prepared with an essential oil/water 1:3 mass ratio stabilized with kaolinite at 4 mass% in the presence of Laponite; this allowed to limit the fast volatility of the oil and guaranteed a better application and an easier removal from the artefacts attacked by biodeteriogens both indoor and outdoor. This formulation caused the elimination of biodeteriogens from treated surfaces without residuals or films on artworks surface, and the effect was retained up to four months.
如今许多用于文化遗产保护的化学物质对人类健康和环境都构成风险。因此，寻找能够替代合成杀菌剂的新型环保型杀菌剂是很有必要的。在这方面，植物精油是保护历史古迹的合成物质的有效替代品。（某种植物名称）是一种生长在地中海地区的药用和芳香植物，其精油具有重要的药理特性。其中，抗菌特性使该精油成为工业应用的理想选择；例如，作为一种杀菌剂，用于抑制和消除历史古迹上蓝藻和绿藻的生物锈迹。在本研究中，我们通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC/MS）研究了生长在马耳他的（某种植物名称）精油的化学成分。主要挥发性成分是酚类单萜香芹酚（73.2%），它能够破坏细胞质膜，并干扰生长曲线和侵袭能力，不过次要成分γ - 萜品烯和对异丙基甲苯的作用也不容忽视。为了将精油应用于石材表面，制备了Pickering乳液体系，在Laponite存在的情况下，用4质量%的高岭土将精油/水质量比为1:3的体系稳定下来；这可以限制精油的快速挥发，并保证在室内和室外受生物劣化剂侵蚀的文物上有更好的应用效果和更容易去除。这种配方能够消除处理过的表面上的生物劣化剂，且艺术品表面无残留或薄膜，并且这种效果能持续四个月。
