Kumar Manoj, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Nagpal Ravinder, Singh Birbal, Parasannanavar Devraj, Verma Vinod, Kumar Ashok, Marotta Francesco, Catanzaro Roberto, Cuffari Biagio, Jain Shalini, Bissi Laura, Yadav Hariom
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad.
Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo.
Int J Probiotics Prebiotics. 2016;11(3-4):99-116.
Various commensal enteric and pathogenic bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both immunogenetic and environmental factors. IBDs comprising of Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, and pauchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions, and known for causing disturbed homeostatic balance among the intestinal immune compartment, gut epithelium and microbiome. An increasing trend of IBDs in incidence, prevalence, and severity has been reported during recent years. Probiotic strains have been reported to manage the IBDs and related pathologies, and hence are current hot topics of research for their potential to manage metabolic diseases as well as various immunopathologies. However, the probiotics industry will need to undergo a transformation, with increased focus on stringent manufacturing guidelines and high-quality clinical trials. This article reviews the present state of art of role of probiotic bacteria in reducing inflammation and strengthening the host immune system with reference to the management of IBDs. We infer that t healthcare will move beyond its prevailing focus on human physiology, and embrace the superorganism as a paradigm to understand and ameliorate IBDs.
多种共生肠道细菌和致病细菌可能参与炎症性肠病（IBD）的发病机制，IBD是一种具有致病背景的慢性疾病，涉及免疫遗传和环境因素。IBD包括克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎和袋炎，是慢性炎症性疾病，以破坏肠道免疫区室、肠道上皮和微生物群之间的稳态平衡而闻名。近年来，IBD的发病率、患病率和严重程度呈上升趋势。据报道，益生菌菌株可治疗IBD及相关病症，因此，因其管理代谢性疾病以及各种免疫病症的潜力，目前成为研究的热点话题。然而，益生菌行业需要进行变革，更加注重严格的生产规范和高质量的临床试验。本文参考IBD的管理，综述了益生菌在减轻炎症和增强宿主免疫系统方面的作用的现状。我们推断，医疗保健将超越其目前对人体生理学的关注，将超级生物体作为理解和改善IBD的范例。
