Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.
Department of Materials Science, Optics and Electronic Technology, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.
Med Biol Eng Comput. 2019 Nov;57(11):2389-2405. doi: 10.1007/s11517-019-02030-w. Epub 2019 Aug 31.
Self-management of blood glucose level is part and parcel of diabetes treatment, which involves invasive, painful, and uncomfortable methods. A proper non-invasive blood glucose monitor (NIBGM) is therefore desirable to deal better with it. Microwave resonators can potentially be used for such a purpose. Following the positive results from an in vitro previous work, a portable device based upon a microwave resonator was developed and assessed in a multicenter proof of concept. Its electrical response was analyzed when an individual's tongue was placed onto it. The study was performed with 352 individuals during their oral glucose tolerance tests, having four measurements per individual. The findings revealed that the accuracy must be improved before the diabetes community can make real use of the device. However, the relationship between the measuring parameter and the individual's blood glucose level is coherent with that from previous works, although with higher data dispersion. This is reflected in correlation coefficients between glycemia and the measuring magnitude consistently negative, although small, for the different datasets analyzed. Further research is proposed, focused on system improvements, individual calibration, and multitechnology approach. The study of the influence of other blood components different to glucose is also advised. Graphical abstract.
血糖自我管理是糖尿病治疗的重要组成部分，但现有的治疗方法涉及侵入性、疼痛和不适。因此，人们希望有一种合适的非侵入式血糖监测仪（NIBGM）来更好地应对这一问题。微波谐振器在这方面可能具有应用潜力。在前期体外实验取得积极成果的基础上，我们开发了一种基于微波谐振器的便携式设备，并在多中心概念验证研究中对其进行了评估。当个体的舌头放在设备上时，我们分析了其电响应。该研究共纳入 352 名个体，每位个体接受了 4 次口服葡萄糖耐量试验测量。研究结果表明，在糖尿病患者真正使用该设备之前，其准确性还需要进一步提高。然而，与之前的研究相比，尽管数据离散度更高，但测量参数与个体血糖水平之间的关系仍然一致。这反映在分析的不同数据集之间，血糖与测量值之间的相关系数始终为负，尽管数值较小。因此，我们提出了进一步的研究建议，重点是系统改进、个体校准和多技术方法。此外，还建议研究除葡萄糖以外的其他血液成分对其的影响。
