Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Feb 25;20(5):1251. doi: 10.3390/s20051251.
Annual deaths in the U.S. attributed to diabetes are expected to increase from 280,210 in 2015 to 385,840 in 2030. The increase in the number of people affected by diabetes has made it one of the major public health challenges around the world. Better management of diabetes has the potential to decrease yearly medical costs and deaths associated with the disease. Non-invasive methods are in high demand to take the place of the traditional finger prick method as they can facilitate continuous glucose monitoring. Research groups have been trying for decades to develop functional commercial non-invasive glucose measurement devices. The challenges associated with non-invasive glucose monitoring are the many factors that contribute to inaccurate readings. We identify and address the experimental and physiological challenges and provide recommendations to pave the way for a systematic pathway to a solution. We have reviewed and categorized non-invasive glucose measurement methods based on: (1) the intrinsic properties of glucose, (2) blood/tissue properties and (3) breath acetone analysis. This approach highlights potential critical commonalities among the challenges that act as barriers to future progress. The focus here is on the pertinent physiological aspects, remaining challenges, recent advancements and the sensors that have reached acceptable clinical accuracy.
预计美国因糖尿病导致的年死亡人数将从 2015 年的 280210 人增加到 2030 年的 385840 人。受糖尿病影响的人数增加，使其成为全球主要公共卫生挑战之一。更好地管理糖尿病有潜力降低与该疾病相关的每年医疗费用和死亡人数。人们迫切需要非侵入性方法来替代传统的指尖采血方法，因为它们可以实现连续血糖监测。几十年来，研究小组一直致力于开发功能性商业用非侵入性葡萄糖测量设备。非侵入性血糖监测面临的挑战是许多导致读数不准确的因素。我们确定并解决了实验和生理方面的挑战，并提出建议，为系统解决问题铺平道路。我们根据以下几点对非侵入性血糖测量方法进行了回顾和分类：（1）葡萄糖的固有特性，（2）血液/组织特性和（3）呼气丙酮分析。这种方法突出了作为未来进展障碍的相关挑战之间的潜在关键共性。这里的重点是相关的生理方面、仍然存在的挑战、最近的进展以及达到可接受临床准确性的传感器。
