Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, and School of Medicine of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
J Breath Res. 2019 Sep 6;13(4):046012. doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab285a.
Breath analysis is used to detect the composition of exhaled gas. As a quick and non-invasive detection method, breath analysis provides deep insights into the progression of various kinds of diseases, especially those with metabolism disorders. Abundant information on volatile compounds in diabetic patients has been studied in numerous articles in the literature. However, exhaled gas in diabetic patients can be altered by various complications. So far, little attention has been paid to this alteration. In our paper, we found that under air pollution conditions, diabetic patients exhale more nitric oxide. Diabetic patients with heart failure exhale more acetone than those without heart failure. After C-labeled glucose intake, patients infected with Helicobacter pylori exhaled more C and less O than those without infection. Exhalation with chronic kidney disease changes volatile organic compounds on a large scale. Diabetic patients with ketoacidosis exhale more acetone than those without ketoacidosis. Some specific volatile organic compounds also emanate from diabetic feet. By monitoring breath frequency, diabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome exhibit a unique breath pattern and rhythm as compared with other diabetic patients, and sleep apnea is prevalent among diabetic patients. In addition to clinical findings, we analyzed the underlying mechanisms at the levels of molecules, cells and whole bodies, and provided suggestions for further studies.
呼气分析用于检测呼出气体的成分。作为一种快速、非侵入性的检测方法，呼气分析为各种疾病的发展提供了深入的见解，特别是那些代谢紊乱的疾病。在大量文献中，已经有许多文章研究了糖尿病患者呼气中挥发性化合物的丰富信息。然而，糖尿病患者的呼出气体可能会受到各种并发症的影响。到目前为止，人们对这种变化还没有给予足够的重视。在我们的论文中，我们发现，在空气污染的情况下，糖尿病患者呼出的一氧化氮更多。与没有心力衰竭的患者相比，心力衰竭的糖尿病患者呼出的丙酮更多。在摄入 C 标记的葡萄糖后，感染幽门螺杆菌的患者呼出的 C 比 O 多，而没有感染的患者呼出的 C 比 O 少。慢性肾病患者呼出的挥发性有机化合物发生了大规模的变化。与没有酮症酸中毒的患者相比，酮症酸中毒的糖尿病患者呼出的丙酮更多。糖尿病患者的脚部也会散发出一些特定的挥发性有机化合物。通过监测呼吸频率，与其他糖尿病患者相比，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的糖尿病患者表现出独特的呼吸模式和节奏，而且糖尿病患者中睡眠呼吸暂停很常见。除了临床发现，我们还在分子、细胞和全身水平上分析了潜在的机制，并为进一步的研究提供了建议。
