University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Am Luftschiffhafen 1, 14471, Potsdam, Germany.
Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
Sports Med. 2019 Dec;49(12):1903-1921. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01179-6.
There is evidence that physical exercise training (PET) conducted at the workplace is effective in improving physical fitness and thus health. However, there is no current systematic review available that provides high-level evidence regarding the effects of PET on physical fitness in the workforce.
To quantify sex-, age-, and occupation type-specific effects of PET on physical fitness and to characterize dose-response relationships of PET modalities that could maximize gains in physical fitness in the working population.
A computerized systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Cochrane Library (2000-2019) to identify articles related to PET in workers.
Only randomized controlled trials with a passive control group were included if they investigated the effects of PET programs in workers and tested at least one fitness measure.
Weighted mean standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated using random effects models. A multivariate random effects meta-regression was computed to explain the influence of key training modalities (e.g., training frequency, session duration, intensity) on the effectiveness of PET on measures of physical fitness. Further, subgroup univariate analyses were computed for each training modality. Additionally, methodological quality of the included studies was rated with the help of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale.
Overall, 3423 workers aged 30-56 years participated in 17 studies (19 articles) that were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality of the included studies was moderate with a median PEDro score of 6. Our analyses revealed significant, small-sized effects of PET on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular endurance, and muscle power (0.29 ≤ SMD ≤ 0.48). Medium effects were found for CRF and muscular endurance in younger workers (≤ 45 years) (SMD = 0.71) and white-collar workers (SMD = 0.60), respectively. Multivariate random effects meta-regression for CRF revealed that none of the examined training modalities predicted the effects of PET on CRF (R = 0). Independently computed subgroup analyses showed significant PET effects on CRF when conducted for 9-12 weeks (SMD = 0.31) and for 17-20 weeks (SMD = 0.74).
PET effects on physical fitness in healthy workers are moderated by age (CRF) and occupation type (muscular endurance). Further, independently computed subgroup analyses indicated that the training period of the PET programs may play an important role in improving CRF in workers.
有证据表明，在工作场所进行的体育锻炼训练（PET）可有效改善身体健康状况。然而，目前尚无系统评价可提供有关 PET 对劳动力身体健康影响的高级别证据。
量化 PET 对不同性别、年龄和职业类型的身体适应性的影响，并确定 PET 方式的剂量反应关系，以最大限度地提高工作人群的身体适应性。
通过计算机检索 PubMed 和 Cochrane Library 数据库（2000-2019 年），以确定与工作场所中的工人相关的 PET 研究。
仅纳入如果他们调查了工人的 PET 计划的影响，并测试了至少一项健身指标，则纳入随机对照试验与被动对照组。
使用随机效应模型计算加权均数标准化均数差（SMD）。计算了多变量随机效应荟萃回归，以解释关键训练方式（例如，训练频率、训练持续时间、强度）对 PET 对身体适应性测量的有效性的影响。此外，还对每种训练方式进行了亚组单变量分析。此外，使用 Physiotherapy Evidence Database（PEDro）量表对纳入研究的方法学质量进行了评估。
共有 3423 名年龄在 30-56 岁之间的工人参加了 17 项符合纳入标准的研究（19 篇文章）。纳入研究的方法学质量中等，PEDro 评分中位数为 6 分。我们的分析显示，PET 对心肺适能（CRF）、肌肉耐力和肌肉力量有显著的小效应（0.29≤SMD≤0.48）。年轻工人（≤45 岁）（SMD=0.71）和白领工人（SMD=0.60）的 CRF 和肌肉耐力分别有中等效应。CRF 的多变量随机效应荟萃回归显示，没有任何检查的训练方式可以预测 PET 对 CRF 的影响（R=0）。独立计算的亚组分析表明，当 PET 进行 9-12 周（SMD=0.31）和 17-20 周（SMD=0.74）时，对 CRF 有显著的 PET 效果。
在健康工人中，PET 对身体适应性的影响受到年龄（CRF）和职业类型（肌肉耐力）的调节。此外，独立计算的亚组分析表明，PET 计划的训练期可能在提高工人的 CRF 方面发挥重要作用。
