Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune 411006, India.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell. 2019 Oct 17;179(3):729-735.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.048. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
We report an ancient genome from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC). The individual we sequenced fits as a mixture of people related to ancient Iranians (the largest component) and Southeast Asian hunter-gatherers, a unique profile that matches ancient DNA from 11 genetic outliers from sites in Iran and Turkmenistan in cultural communication with the IVC. These individuals had little if any Steppe pastoralist-derived ancestry, showing that it was not ubiquitous in northwest South Asia during the IVC as it is today. The Iranian-related ancestry in the IVC derives from a lineage leading to early Iranian farmers, herders, and hunter-gatherers before their ancestors separated, contradicting the hypothesis that the shared ancestry between early Iranians and South Asians reflects a large-scale spread of western Iranian farmers east. Instead, sampled ancient genomes from the Iranian plateau and IVC descend from different groups of hunter-gatherers who began farming without being connected by substantial movement of people.
我们报告了一个来自印度河谷文明（IVC）的古代基因组。我们测序的个体是与古代伊朗人（最大的组成部分）和东南亚狩猎采集者相关的人群的混合体，这种独特的特征与来自伊朗和土库曼斯坦的 11 个遗传异常个体的古代 DNA 相匹配，这些个体与 IVC 有文化交流。这些个体几乎没有来自草原牧民的遗传祖先，这表明在 IVC 时期，它不像今天那样在南亚西北部普遍存在。与伊朗相关的 IVC 祖先来自于一个与早期伊朗农民、牧民和狩猎采集者相关的谱系，他们的祖先在分离之前，这与早期伊朗人和南亚人之间的共同祖先反映了西部伊朗农民大规模向东传播的假设相矛盾。相反，来自伊朗高原和 IVC 的抽样古代基因组来自不同的狩猎采集者群体，他们在没有大量人口流动的情况下开始从事农业。
