Department of Theory and History of Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1 9712 TS Groningen, Netherlands.
Psychol Med. 2021 Apr;51(6):927-933. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719002514. Epub 2019 Sep 24.
Psychiatric disorders are studied at multiple levels, but there is no agreement on how these levels are related to each other, or how they should be understood in the first place. In this paper, I provide an account of levels and their relationships that is suited for psychopathology, drawing from recent debates in philosophy of science. Instead of metaphysical issues, the focus is on delivering an understanding of levels that is relevant and useful for scientific practice. I also defend a pragmatic approach to the question of reduction, arguing that even in-principle reductionists should embrace pluralism in practice. Finally, I discuss the benefits and challenges in integrating explanations and models of different levels.
精神障碍在多个层面上进行研究，但这些层面如何相互关联，或者它们最初应该如何被理解，尚无定论。本文从科学哲学的最新争论中汲取灵感，为精神病理学提供了一种适合的层面及其关系的解释。关注点不在于形而上学问题，而在于提供一种对于科学实践具有相关性和有用性的层面理解。我还为还原问题辩护了一种实用主义方法，主张即使是原则上的还原论者也应该在实践中接受多元论。最后，我讨论了整合不同层面的解释和模型的好处和挑战。
