Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
Int Ophthalmol. 2020 Feb;40(2):503-510. doi: 10.1007/s10792-019-01183-9. Epub 2019 Oct 3.
Our aim was to summarize key aspects of the pathomechanism and the ocular involvements of rheumatic and systemic autoimmune diseases.
Apart from a paper in French (Morax V, Ann Oculist 109:368-370, 1893), all papers referred to in this article were published in English. All the materials were peer-reviewed full-text papers, letters, reviews, or book chapters obtained through a literature search of the PubMed database using the keywords ocular manifestations; pathogenesis; systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; fibromyalgia; systemic lupus erythematosus; seronegative spondyloarthritis; ankylosing spondylitis; reactive arthritis; enteropathic arthritis; psoriatic arthritis; systemic sclerosis; polymyalgia rheumatica and covering all years available. Some statements articulated in this paper reflect the clinical experience of the authors in their tertiary-referral center.
Ophthalmic disorders are categorized by anatomical subgroups in all rheumatic diseases. The most common ocular manifestations are diverse types of inflammations of different tissues and dry eye disease (DED).
The eye could be a responsive marker for the onset or aggravation of an immune reactivation in many rheumatic diseases, furthermore, ocular findings can antedate the diagnosis of the underlying rheumatic disease. By recognizing ocular manifestations of systemic rheumatic diseases it might be possible to avoid or at least delay many long term sequelae.
总结风湿和系统性自身免疫性疾病的发病机制和眼部受累的关键方面。
除了一篇用法语发表的论文（Morax V，Ann Oculist 109：368-370，1893）外，本文中引用的所有论文均以英文发表。所有材料均为同行评审的全文论文、信件、综述或书籍章节，通过在 PubMed 数据库中使用关键词“眼部表现；发病机制；系统性炎症性风湿性疾病；类风湿关节炎；骨关节炎；纤维肌痛；系统性红斑狼疮；血清阴性脊柱关节病；强直性脊柱炎；反应性关节炎；肠病性关节炎；银屑病关节炎；系统性硬化症；肌痛性风湿症”进行文献检索获得，涵盖所有可用年份。本文中的一些陈述反映了作者在其三级转诊中心的临床经验。
所有风湿性疾病均根据解剖亚组对眼部疾病进行分类。最常见的眼部表现为不同组织的多种炎症和干燥性眼病（DED）。
眼睛可能是许多风湿性疾病免疫再激活发作或加重的反应性标志物，此外，眼部表现可能先于潜在风湿性疾病的诊断。通过识别系统性风湿性疾病的眼部表现，可能避免或至少延迟许多长期后果。
