Gharaghani Maral, Taghipour Simin, Halvaeezadeh Marzieh, Mahmoudabadi Ali Zarei
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Turk J Urol. 2018 Nov;44(6):445-452. doi: 10.5152/tud.2018.54069.
Although, several categories of nosocomial infections are presented during the recent years, urinary tract infections (UTIs) considered as one of the most important systemic infections. The presence of Candida species in the urinary tract system (Candiduria) is seen in only 10-15% of the cases with UTI, however candiduria has been considered as more problematic infection for patients, laboratory workers and physicians. Due to increasing numbers of several predisposing factors, such as antibacterial agents, urinary tract instrumentation, diabetes mellitus, invasive therapies, and prolonged hospital stay, candiduria develops among the hospitalized patients, especially hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). According to the epidemiological studies, Candida albicans is the most common isolated species from candiduric patients. However, during the recent years, due to increasing resistance to antifungal drugs, non-albicans Candida species including, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis have been also implicated. We found that the mean prevalence of candiduria among Iranian patients was lower (16.5%) than worldwide ratio and also males were more frequently affected than females (M:F, 1.2:1). Similar to other countries, C. albicans was most common infectious agent followed by non-albicans Candida species including, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei.
尽管近年来出现了几类医院感染，但尿路感染（UTIs）被认为是最重要的全身性感染之一。尿路系统中念珠菌属的存在（念珠菌尿症）仅在10%-15%的尿路感染病例中出现，然而念珠菌尿症已被认为是对患者、实验室工作人员和医生更具问题的感染。由于抗菌药物、尿路器械检查、糖尿病、侵入性治疗和住院时间延长等多种易感因素数量的增加，念珠菌尿症在住院患者中出现，尤其是在重症监护病房（ICUs）和新生儿重症监护病房（NICUs）住院的患者。根据流行病学研究，白色念珠菌是念珠菌尿症患者中最常见的分离菌种。然而，近年来，由于对抗真菌药物的耐药性增加，非白色念珠菌属，包括光滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌也有涉及。我们发现伊朗患者中念珠菌尿症的平均患病率（16.5%）低于全球比例，而且男性比女性更易受影响（男:女，1.2:1）。与其他国家类似，白色念珠菌是最常见的感染病原体，其次是非白色念珠菌属，包括光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌。
