U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, USA.
Ann Bot. 2020 Feb 3;125(2):213-234. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcz161.
Many mangrove ecosystems are periodically exposed to high velocity winds and surge from tropical cyclones, and often recover with time and continue to provide numerous societal benefits in the wake of storm events.
This review focuses on the drivers and disturbance mechanisms (visible and functional) that tropical cyclones of various intensities have on mangrove ecosystem properties around the world, as well as the potential ecosystem services role offered by mangroves along storm-ravaged coastlines. When viewed together, studies describe repeatable types of impact and a variety of responses of mangroves that make them ecologically resilient to high velocity winds, and which have served to advance the notion that mangroves are disturbance-adapted ecosystems.
Studies have documented massive tree mortality and forest structural shifts as well as high variability of spatial effects associated with proximity and direction of the tropical cyclone trajectory that influence biogeochemical processes, recovery of individual trees, and forest regeneration and succession. Mangroves provide coastal protection through surge and wind suppression during tropical cyclones, and yet are able to overcome wind effects and often recover unless some alternative environmental stress is at play (e.g. hydrological alteration or sedimentation). Structural elements of mangroves are influenced by the legacies imposed by past tropical cyclone injury, which affect their current appearance, and presumably their function, at any point in time. However, much is yet to be discovered about the importance of the effects of tropical cyclones on these fascinating botanical ecosystems, including the role of storm-based sediment subsidies, and much more effort will be needed to predict future recovery patterns as the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones potentially change.
许多红树林生态系统周期性地受到热带气旋高速风和海浪的侵袭，但通常会随着时间的推移而恢复，并在风暴事件后继续提供许多社会效益。
本综述重点关注各种强度的热带气旋对世界范围内红树林生态系统特性的驱动因素和干扰机制（可见和功能），以及红树林在受风暴破坏的海岸线提供的潜在生态系统服务作用。综合来看，这些研究描述了可重复的影响类型和红树林的各种响应，使它们能够抵御高速风的影响，这有助于推进红树林是适应干扰的生态系统这一观点。
研究记录了大量树木死亡和森林结构转变，以及与热带气旋轨迹的接近程度和方向相关的空间效应的高度变异性，这些效应影响生物地球化学过程、个体树木的恢复以及森林的再生和演替。红树林在热带气旋期间通过抑制海浪和风力来提供海岸保护，但它们能够克服风力影响并经常恢复，除非存在其他环境压力（例如水文变化或沉积作用）。红树林的结构元素受到过去热带气旋损伤所施加的影响的影响，这些影响会影响它们当前的外观，并且可能会影响它们在任何时间点的功能。然而，关于热带气旋对这些迷人的植物生态系统的影响的重要性，还有很多需要研究，包括基于风暴的沉积物补贴的作用，并且需要更多的努力来预测未来的恢复模式，因为热带气旋的频率和强度可能会发生变化。
