Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
Food Environ Virol. 2020 Mar;12(1):75-80. doi: 10.1007/s12560-019-09415-y. Epub 2019 Nov 15.
Saffold virus as a newly discovered virus, which seems to be related to acute gastroenteritis as with other enteric viruses and to human airway diseases in children belongs to Cardiovirus genus in picornaviridae family with 11 genotypes. Saffold virus initially was detected in America from infant stool sample. Saffold virus has also been detected in environmental water samples. Until now, two reports have demonstrated that sewage water sources are contaminated with Saffold viruses. Molecular detection of Saffold virus mostly depended on reverse transcription PCR methods and RT-qPCR, which had targeted 5'UTR region of the viral genome. The present study aims to evaluate the molecular detection and quantity of Saffold virus in sewage water and river water specimens by RT-qPCR assay in Karaj, Iran. Fifty samples collected from environmental waters containing treated and untreated sewage water and river water samples were included in this study. After viral RNA extraction, the Real-time PCR was developed to amplify the 5'UTR sequence of Saffold virus genome and viral load was assessed. Out of the 50 samples tested (consisting 28 river water samples and 22 sewage water samples), the Saffold virus genomic RNA was identified in 10/28 (35.7%) of river water samples and in 4/12 (33.3%) of treated and 4/10 (40%) of untreated sewage samples. The maximum viral load was 6.8 × 10 copies/l in untreated sewage water sample in December, and the lower viral load was 1.2 × 10 copies/l related to treated sewage water taken in October. Our results for the first time indicate that Saffold virus has apparently been circulating among Iranian peoples. Also, the viral prevalence of Saffold virus in each of the three sets of tested samples was within moderate to high in range.
索福病毒是一种新发现的病毒，它似乎与其他肠道病毒一样与急性胃肠炎有关，并且与儿童的呼吸道疾病有关，属于小核糖核酸病毒科的小核糖核酸病毒属，有 11 种基因型。索福病毒最初在美国从婴儿粪便样本中检测到。索福病毒也在环境水样中被检测到。到目前为止，已有两份报告表明污水水源受到索福病毒的污染。索福病毒的分子检测主要依赖于逆转录 PCR 方法和 RT-qPCR，该方法针对病毒基因组的 5'UTR 区域。本研究旨在评估伊朗卡拉季市污水和河水样本中索福病毒的分子检测和数量。从含有处理过和未处理过的污水和河水样本的环境水中采集了 50 个样本进行本研究。在提取病毒 RNA 后，通过 RT-qPCR 开发了实时 PCR 来扩增索福病毒基因组的 5'UTR 序列，并评估了病毒载量。在测试的 50 个样本中（包括 28 个河水样本和 22 个污水样本），在 10/28（35.7%）的河水样本和 4/12（33.3%）的处理污水样本和 4/10（40%）的未处理污水样本中鉴定出索福病毒基因组 RNA。未处理污水样本中的最大病毒载量为 12 月的 6.8×10 拷贝/L，而与处理污水样本相关的病毒载量较低，为 10 月的 1.2×10 拷贝/L。我们的结果首次表明，索福病毒在伊朗人群中显然一直在传播。此外，在三组测试样本中，索福病毒的病毒流行率均处于中等至高范围。
