Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Vision Sciences Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Psychophysiology. 2020 Mar;57(3):e13499. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13499. Epub 2019 Nov 17.
Convergent lines of evidence suggest that fluctuations in the size of the pupil may be associated with the trade-off between the speed (adrenergic, sympathetic) and accuracy (cholinergic, parasympathetic) of behavior across a variety of task contexts. Here, we explored whether pupil size was related to this trade-off during a visuospatial motor aiming task. Participants were shown visual targets at random locations on a screen and were instructed and incentivized to move a computer mouse-controlled cursor to the center of the targets, either as fast as possible, as accurately as possible, or to strike a balance between the two. Behavioral results showed that these instructions led to typical speed-accuracy trade-off effects on movement reaction times and hit distances to target centers. Pupillometric analyses revealed that movements were faster and less accurate when participants had relatively large baseline pupil sizes, as measured before target onset. Furthermore, trial-evoked pupil dilation was related specifically to a bias toward speed in the trade-off and the speed of the ballistic and error-correction phases of the motor responses such that larger pupils predicted shorter latencies and higher movement speeds. Pupil responses were also associated with performance in a manner that may reflect the combined influence of a number of factors, including the generation of dynamic urgency and an arousal response to negative feedback. Our results generally support a role for pupil-linked arousal in regulating the trade-off between speed and accuracy, while also highlighting how the trial-related pupil response can exhibit multifaceted, temporally discrete associations with behavior.
越来越多的证据表明，瞳孔大小的波动可能与行为的速度（肾上腺素能、交感神经）和准确性（胆碱能、副交感神经）之间的权衡有关，这种权衡存在于各种任务环境中。在这里，我们探讨了在视觉空间运动瞄准任务中，瞳孔大小是否与这种权衡有关。参与者在屏幕上随机位置看到视觉目标，并被指示和激励以最快、最准确或在两者之间取得平衡的方式将鼠标控制的光标移动到目标的中心。行为结果表明，这些指令导致了运动反应时间和命中目标中心距离的典型速度-准确性权衡效应。瞳孔测量分析显示，当参与者在目标出现前测量的基础瞳孔尺寸较大时，运动速度较快且准确性较低。此外，诱发的瞳孔扩张与权衡中的速度偏向以及运动反应的弹道和纠错阶段的速度具体相关，即较大的瞳孔预示着较短的潜伏期和较高的运动速度。瞳孔反应也以可能反映多种因素综合影响的方式与表现相关，包括动态紧迫性的产生和对负反馈的唤醒反应。我们的结果普遍支持与唤醒相关的瞳孔调节在速度和准确性之间的权衡中的作用，同时也强调了与试验相关的瞳孔反应如何与行为表现出多方面的、时间离散的关联。
