Institute of Anatomy, Department of medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2019 Nov 17;11(11):2805. doi: 10.3390/nu11112805.
The latest research cumulates staggering information about the correlation between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review aims to shed light on the potential influence of the microbiome on the development of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disease, attention-deficit-hyperactive disorder (ADHD). As the etiology and pathophysiology of ADHD are still unclear, finding viable biomarkers and effective treatment still represent a challenge. Therefore, we focused on factors that have been associated with a higher risk of developing ADHD, while simultaneously influencing the microbial composition. We reviewed the effect of a differing microbial makeup on neurotransmitter concentrations important in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Additionally, we deduced factors that correlate with a high prevalence of ADHD, while simultaneously affecting the gut microbiome, such as emergency c-sections, and premature birth as the former leads to a decrease of the gut microbial diversity and the latter causes neuroprotective levels to be reduced. Also, we assessed nutritional influences, such as breastfeeding, ingestion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the host's microbiome and development of ADHD. Finally, we discussed the potential significance of as a biomarker for ADHD, the importance of preventing premature birth as prophylaxis and nutrition as a prospective therapeutic measurement against ADHD.
最新的研究积累了关于微生物群-肠道-大脑轴与神经发育障碍之间相关性的惊人信息。这篇综述旨在探讨微生物组对最常见的神经发育疾病——注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）发展的潜在影响。由于 ADHD 的病因和病理生理学仍不清楚，因此寻找可行的生物标志物和有效的治疗方法仍然是一个挑战。因此，我们专注于与 ADHD 发病风险增加相关的因素，同时影响微生物组成。我们综述了不同微生物组成对 ADHD 病理生理学中重要的神经递质浓度的影响。此外，我们推断出与 ADHD 高患病率相关的因素，同时影响肠道微生物组，例如紧急剖腹产和早产，前者导致肠道微生物多样性减少，后者导致神经保护水平降低。此外，我们评估了母乳喂养、短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入等营养因素对宿主微生物组和 ADHD 发展的影响。最后，我们讨论了 作为 ADHD 生物标志物的潜在意义、预防早产作为预防措施以及营养作为针对 ADHD 的前瞻性治疗措施的重要性。
