Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium.
Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
J Exp Bot. 2020 Apr 23;71(8):2365-2378. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz522.
Leaves are the primary organs for photosynthesis, and as such have a pivotal role for plant growth and development. Leaf development is a multifactorial and dynamic process involving many genes that regulate size, shape, and differentiation. The processes that mainly drive leaf development are cell proliferation and cell expansion, and numerous genes have been identified that, when ectopically expressed or down-regulated, increase cell number and/or cell size during leaf growth. Many of the genes regulating cell proliferation are functionally interconnected and can be grouped into regulatory modules. Here, we review our current understanding of six important gene regulatory modules affecting cell proliferation during Arabidopsis leaf growth: ubiquitin receptor DA1-ENHANCER OF DA1 (EOD1), GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR (GRF)-GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), SWITCH/SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING (SWI/SNF), gibberellin (GA)-DELLA, KLU, and PEAPOD (PPD). Furthermore, we discuss how post-mitotic cell expansion and these six modules regulating cell proliferation make up the final leaf size.
叶片是光合作用的主要器官，对植物的生长和发育起着关键作用。叶片发育是一个多因素的动态过程，涉及许多基因，这些基因调节大小、形状和分化。主要驱动叶片发育的过程是细胞增殖和细胞扩展，已经鉴定出许多基因，当异位表达或下调时，会在叶片生长过程中增加细胞数量和/或细胞大小。许多调节细胞增殖的基因在功能上相互关联，可以被分为调控模块。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对六个影响拟南芥叶片生长过程中细胞增殖的重要基因调控模块的理解：泛素受体 DA1-增强子 DA1（EOD1）、生长调节因子（GRF）-GRF 相互作用因子（GIF）、SWITCH/SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING（SWI/SNF）、赤霉素（GA）-DELLA、KLU 和豆荚（PPD）。此外，我们还讨论了有丝分裂后细胞扩展和这六个调节细胞增殖的模块如何构成最终的叶片大小。
