Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
Reference Laboratory for Drinking Water, Holding Company for Water and Wastewater, Shubra El-Khima Water Treatment Plant, Cairo, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jan;27(2):1776-1788. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06887-0. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
This is the first nationwide survey of bisphenol A (BPA), methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and o-phenylphenol, in Egypt's water. Five hundred fifty-five water samples were collected from source water (SW, 109 samples) and drinking water (DW, 446 samples) of twenty-three Egyptian governorates. These chemicals were determined by direct ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis of a filtered aliquot of samples. The impacts of the measured concentrations on the aquatic organisms and human health were evaluated as well. BPA, methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben were frequently detected in SW and DW, while ethylparaben and o-phenylphenol were not detected whatsoever. The most frequently detected endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) was BPA in SW and methylparaben in DW. The recorded highest concentrations of BPA and methylparaben in SW and BPA and methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben in DW were the highest worldwide. Of the investigated twenty-three governorates, the SW and DW of Aswan, Red Sea, Cairo, Sharqia, and Damietta were free of the studied EDCs. Contrarily, BPA, MeP, PrP, and BuP were detected in Sohag's SW and DW. A detection ratio > 70% was recorded in SW of Faiyum, Dakahlia, and Ismailia, and > 90% in DW of Sohag, Port Said, Dakahlia, and Faiyum. The environmental risk assessment results excluded any human health risk even in the worst-case scenario and showed that BPA represents the highest risk to the aquatic organisms.
这是埃及全国范围内首次对水中双酚 A（BPA）、甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯、乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯和邻苯基苯酚进行的调查。从埃及 23 个省的水源水 (SW, 109 个样本) 和饮用水 (DW, 446 个样本) 中采集了 555 个水样。通过对过滤后的样品进行直接超高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (UPLC-MS/MS) 分析，确定了这些化学物质的含量。还评估了所测浓度对水生生物和人类健康的影响。BPA、甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯、丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯和丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯在 SW 和 DW 中经常被检测到，而乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯和邻苯基苯酚则根本没有被检测到。在 SW 中最常被检测到的内分泌干扰物 (EDC) 是 BPA，而在 DW 中则是甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯。在 SW 和 DW 中记录到的 BPA 和甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯的最高浓度是世界上最高的。在所调查的 23 个省中，阿斯旺、红海、开罗、沙卡拉和达米埃塔的 SW 和 DW 不含所研究的 EDC。相反，索哈格的 SW 和 DW 中检测到了 BPA、MeP、PrP 和 BuP。在法尤姆、达卡利亚和伊斯梅利亚的 SW 中，检测率>70%，而在索哈格、塞得港、达卡利亚和法尤姆的 DW 中，检测率>90%。环境风险评估结果排除了任何人类健康风险，即使在最坏的情况下，也表明 BPA 对水生生物构成了最高风险。
