中国城市老年人的胃肠道不适和饮食摄入：中国八个城市的横断面研究。
Gastrointestinal discomforts and dietary intake in Chinese urban elders: A cross-sectional study in eight cities of China.
机构信息
School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
出版信息
World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Dec 7;25(45):6681-6692. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i45.6681.
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal (GI) discomforts are common in the elderly population; however, whether such discomforts are associated with dietary intake has not been studied.
AIM
To evaluate GI discomforts in Chinese urban elders and the associated factors.
METHODS
The gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) was used to identify GI discomforts in 688 elders from eight cities of China. The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and one time of 24 h dietary recall were used to access the food intake, identify dietary pattern, and calculate the nutrients intake.
RESULTS
About 83% of studied elders experienced at least one of GI discomforts in the past 6 mo; dyspepsia was the most commonly reported (66.7%), followed by reflux (44.8%), abdominal pain (35.9%), constipation (35.8%), and diarrhea (34.7%). Female gender, lower education level, and lower family income were associated with a higher GSRS score. Participants who were diagnosed with a GI-related disease had a higher score of constipation, but a lower score of reflux. Chronic diseases were positively associated with certain GI discomforts. Three dietary patterns were identified by the method of principal component analysis, which were characterized as high intake of salt and tea; more frequent intake of tubers, fruits, aquatic products, and soybeans; and high intake of cereal, vegetables, and meat, respectively. However, no associations between dietary patterns and GSRS score were found. The elders with a higher GSRS score had significantly lower intake of bean products. The elders whose GSRS score was ≥ 21 and 18-20 decreased their bean production intake by 7.2 (0.3, 14.3) g/d and 14.3 (1.2, 27.3) g/d, respectively, compared with those who had a GSRS score ≤ 17. There were no differences in other food categories, calories, or nutrients intake among elders with different GSRS scores.
CONCLUSION
GI discomforts are common in Chinese urban elders. GI discomforts might be associated with the choice of food.
背景
胃肠道不适在老年人群中很常见；然而，这些不适是否与饮食摄入有关尚未得到研究。
目的
评估中国城市老年人的胃肠道不适及其相关因素。
方法
使用胃肠道症状评分量表（GSRS）评估来自中国八个城市的 688 名老年人的胃肠道不适。使用半定量食物频率问卷和一次 24 小时膳食回顾来评估食物摄入量、确定饮食模式和计算营养素摄入量。
结果
在过去 6 个月中，约 83%的研究对象经历过至少一种胃肠道不适；消化不良是最常见的报告症状（66.7%），其次是反流（44.8%）、腹痛（35.9%）、便秘（35.8%）和腹泻（34.7%）。女性、较低的教育水平和较低的家庭收入与 GSRS 评分较高相关。被诊断患有胃肠道相关疾病的参与者有更高的便秘评分，但更低的反流评分。慢性疾病与某些胃肠道不适呈正相关。通过主成分分析方法确定了三种饮食模式，分别为高盐和高茶摄入模式、根茎类食物、水果、水产和豆类摄入更频繁模式以及高谷物、蔬菜和肉类摄入模式。然而，饮食模式与 GSRS 评分之间没有关联。GSRS 评分较高的老年人豆制品摄入量明显较低。与 GSRS 评分≤17 的老年人相比，GSRS 评分≥21 和 18-20 的老年人的豆制品摄入量分别减少了 7.2（0.3，14.3）g/d 和 14.3（1.2，27.3）g/d。在不同 GSRS 评分的老年人中，其他食物类别、卡路里或营养素摄入量没有差异。
结论
胃肠道不适在中国城市老年人中很常见。胃肠道不适可能与食物选择有关。
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