Liang Shen-Huan, Bennett Richard J
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2019 Dec 27;6(1):10. doi: 10.3390/jof6010010.
is a fungal species that can colonize multiple niches in the human host where it can grow either as a commensal or as an opportunistic pathogen. The genome of has long been of considerable interest, given that it is highly plastic and can undergo a wide variety of alterations. These changes play a fundamental role in determining traits and have been shown to enable adaptation both to the host and to antifungal drugs. isolates contain a heterozygous diploid genome that displays variation from the level of single nucleotides to largescale rearrangements and aneuploidy. The heterozygous nature of the genome is now increasingly recognized as being central to biology, as the relative fitness of isolates has been shown to correlate with higher levels of overall heterozygosity. Moreover, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events can arise frequently, either at single polymorphisms or at a chromosomal level, and both can alter the behavior of cells during infection or can modulate drug resistance. In this review, we examine genome plasticity in this pathobiont focusing on how gene dosage variation and loss of heterozygosity events can arise and how these modulate behavior.
是一种真菌物种，可在人类宿主的多个生态位定殖，在这些生态位中它既可以作为共生菌生长，也可以作为机会致病菌生长。鉴于其具有高度可塑性且可发生多种改变，其基因组长期以来一直备受关注。这些变化在决定其特征方面起着根本性作用，并已被证明能够使其适应宿主和抗真菌药物。分离株含有杂合二倍体基因组，该基因组在单核苷酸水平到大规模重排和非整倍体水平上均表现出变异。基因组的杂合性质现在越来越被认为是其生物学特性的核心，因为已表明分离株的相对适应性与更高水平的总体杂合性相关。此外，杂合性缺失（LOH）事件可能频繁发生，无论是在单核苷酸多态性处还是在染色体水平，并且两者都可以改变感染期间细胞的行为或调节耐药性。在这篇综述中，我们研究了这种病理共生菌中的基因组可塑性，重点关注基因剂量变异和杂合性缺失事件是如何发生的，以及这些如何调节其行为。
