Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jan 8;20(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-8087-0.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Drug use and risky driving is associated with sensation seeking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between use of psychoactive substances and levels of the sensation seeking personality trait as measured with the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 among drivers in Norway.
A cross-sectional design was applied to estimate the association between psychoactive substance use and sensation seeking behavior. Drivers in normal traffic were included in two roadside surveys: one in the north (September 2014 - October 2015) and the other in the south-east of Norway (April 2016 - April 2017). Oral fluid was analyzed for alcohol and psychoactive drugs, and data on sex, age and time of participation were recorded. Participants filled in the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 questionnaire.
A total of 8053 drivers were included, of which 32% were women and 62% were under 40 years. The prevalence of alcohol was 0.3%, stimulants 0.6%, tetrahydrocannabinol 1.4%, benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics 2.0% and polydrug use 0.6%. Associations were found between the use of tetrahydrocannabinol or benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics and a low score on the "thrill and adventure seeking" domain of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4 (OR = 1.723, 95% C.I. = 1.001-2.966). Associations were also found between the use of stimulants and the highest scores on the "experience seeking" (OR = 2.085, 95% C.I. = 1.084-4.009) and "disinhibition" (OR = 4.791, 95% C.I. =1.748-13.135) domains of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale 4. No associations were found between sensation seeking behavior and alcohol or polydrug use.
A high degree of sensation seeking was found among drivers who had used stimulating drugs, in contrast to drives who had used tetrahydrocannabinol and benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics who showed a low degree of sensation seeking. The combination of sensation seeking behavior and the use of stimulants might lead to increased risky behavior and thus traffic crashes.
背景/目的：药物使用和危险驾驶与寻求刺激有关。本研究的目的是调查挪威驾驶员中使用精神活性物质与感觉寻求人格特质之间的关系，该特质通过 4 项简短感觉寻求量表进行测量。
采用横断面设计来估计使用精神活性物质与感觉寻求行为之间的关联。正常交通中的驾驶员被纳入两项路边调查中：一项在挪威北部（2014 年 9 月至 2015 年 10 月）进行，另一项在东南部（2016 年 4 月至 2017 年 4 月）进行。对口腔液进行了酒精和精神活性药物分析，并记录了性别、年龄和参与时间的数据。参与者填写了简短感觉寻求量表 4 问卷。
共纳入 8053 名驾驶员，其中 32%为女性，62%年龄在 40 岁以下。酒精的流行率为 0.3%，兴奋剂为 0.6%，四氢大麻酚为 1.4%，苯二氮䓬类和/或 Z 类催眠药为 2.0%，多药使用为 0.6%。发现使用四氢大麻酚或苯二氮䓬类和/或 Z 类催眠药与简短感觉寻求量表 4 的“寻求刺激和冒险”域的低评分之间存在关联（OR=1.723，95%CI=1.001-2.966）。还发现使用兴奋剂与简短感觉寻求量表 4 的“体验寻求”（OR=2.085，95%CI=1.084-4.009）和“去抑制”（OR=4.791，95%CI=1.748-13.135）域的最高评分之间存在关联。感觉寻求行为与酒精或多药使用之间没有关联。
与使用四氢大麻酚和苯二氮䓬类和/或 Z 类催眠药的驾驶员相比，使用兴奋剂的驾驶员表现出较高的感觉寻求程度，而使用兴奋剂的驾驶员则表现出较低的感觉寻求程度。感觉寻求行为与兴奋剂的使用相结合可能会导致危险行为增加，从而导致交通事故。
