Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2020 Apr;35(4):329-335. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.12.004. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
Statistics matter greatly in biology, whether we like it or not. As a discipline with an empirical inclination, we are faced with data every day and we rely on inferential statistical models to make sense of it and to provide us with novel insights. Much of the time, the growing level of complexity and sophistication of the models we put to use in ecology and evolution have led to more appropriate analyses of our data. However, this is not always the case. Here, I draw attention to a classic flaw in inferential statistics that has resurfaced in a new flavor as a result of increased reliance on complex linear mixed models - the multifaceted and disturbingly persistent problem of pseudoreplication.
统计学在生物学中非常重要，无论我们是否喜欢。作为一个具有经验倾向的学科，我们每天都面临着数据，并且依赖推理统计模型来理解数据并为我们提供新的见解。在很多情况下，我们在生态学和进化中使用的模型的日益复杂和精细程度导致了对我们数据的更恰当的分析。然而，情况并非总是如此。在这里，我提请注意推理统计中的一个经典缺陷，由于对复杂线性混合模型的依赖增加，这个缺陷以一种新的形式重新出现——这就是多方面且令人不安的伪重复问题。
