School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China.
Department of Food Science , Foshan University , Foshan , Guangdong Province 528231 , China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2020 Feb 19;68(7):2071-2081. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07302. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
Wild melon ( var. agrestis) seed oil (CO) contains 71.3% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present study investigated the effects of CO on blood cholesterol and gut microbiota. Hamsters ( = 32) were randomly divided into four groups and given one of four diets, namely noncholesterol diet (NCD), high-cholesterol diet containing 0.1% cholesterol (HCD), HCD containing 4.75% CO (COL), and HCD containing 9.5% CO (COH) for 6 weeks. CO supplementation at 9.5% in the diet reduced plasma cholesterol by 24% and enhanced the excretion of fecal bile acids by 150%. CO supplementation upregulated the gene expression of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). In addition, supplementation of CO in the diet remarkably increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids and favorably altered the relative abundances of , 60_group, , , and at a family level. It was concluded that CO could reduce plasma cholesterol via promoting the excretion of fecal acidic sterols and modulating gut microbiota.
野西瓜籽油（var. agrestis）含有 71.3%的多不饱和脂肪酸。本研究探讨了野西瓜籽油对血液胆固醇和肠道微生物群的影响。将仓鼠（n=32）随机分为四组，分别给予四种饮食中的一种，即无胆固醇饮食（NCD）、含 0.1%胆固醇的高胆固醇饮食（HCD）、含 4.75%野西瓜籽油的 HCD（COL）和含 9.5%野西瓜籽油的 HCD（COH），为期 6 周。饮食中添加 9.5%的野西瓜籽油可使血浆胆固醇降低 24%，并使粪便胆汁酸排泄增加 150%。野西瓜籽油的添加还上调了肝脏胆固醇 7α-羟化酶（CYP7A1）的基因表达。此外，饮食中添加野西瓜籽油可显著增加粪便短链脂肪酸的产生，并以家族水平有利地改变了、、、和 的相对丰度。综上所述，野西瓜籽油可通过促进粪便酸性固醇的排泄和调节肠道微生物群来降低血浆胆固醇。
