Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Med Teach. 2020 May;42(5):550-560. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1714020. Epub 2020 Jan 25.
Health professionals often have cumbersome responsibilities, performing their roles in complex environments under stressful circumstances. Resilience has been recognized as an enabler of thriving in such adversity and remains vague in the health profession literature. This paper aims to provide a synthesis of existing literature reviews of the evidence for resilience in health professionals, thematically integrating factors affecting resilience in health professionals. Electronic databases were searched systematically using inclusion and exclusion criteria to include literature reviews that explored resilience in health care professionals using purposive sampling of primary research studies. Nine studies were identified. The definition of resilience varied across the studies. Four main themes of factors affecting resilience were found: (1) the influence of individual factors (e.g. individual traits, having a higher purpose, being self-determined), (2) environmental and organizational factors (e.g. workplace culture), (3) approaches that an individual takes when interacting with her/his professional circumstances (e.g. professional shielding and self-reflection), and (4) effective educational interventions (e.g. resilience workshops). Resilience is multidimensional and can be affected by multiple factors. Interventions to improve resilience should consider context and focus on improvement of adaptive abilities of health professionals in adversity. A more uniformed definition and measurement of resilience can further research in this field.
卫生专业人员通常承担着繁琐的责任，在压力环境下的复杂环境中履行职责。适应力已被认为是在这种逆境中茁壮成长的推动者，但在卫生专业文献中仍不明确。本文旨在综合现有关于卫生专业人员适应力的文献综述，从主题上整合影响卫生专业人员适应力的因素。使用纳入和排除标准对电子数据库进行了系统搜索，以纳入使用目的抽样法对初级研究进行探索的卫生保健专业人员适应力的文献综述。确定了 9 项研究。适应力的定义在研究中有所不同。发现影响适应力的四个主要因素：（1）个体因素的影响（例如个体特征、更高的目标、自我决定）；（2）环境和组织因素（例如工作场所文化）；（3）个体在与专业环境互动时采取的方法（例如专业屏蔽和自我反思）；（4）有效的教育干预（例如适应力工作坊）。适应力是多维度的，可以受到多种因素的影响。提高适应力的干预措施应考虑到背景，并注重提高卫生专业人员在逆境中的适应能力。更统一的适应力定义和衡量标准可以进一步推动该领域的研究。
