Martinez-Albores Antía, Lopez-Santamarina Aroa, Rodriguez José Antonio, Ibarra Israel Samuel, Del Carmen Mondragón Alicia, Miranda Jose Manuel, Lamas Alexandre, Cepeda Alberto
Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, 42076 Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Foods. 2020 Jan 24;9(2):129. doi: 10.3390/foods9020129.
Bivalves are filter feeders that can accumulate and concentrate waterborne contaminants present in the water in which they live. Biotoxins, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and heavy metals present in the aquaculture environment constitute the main hazards for human health. The most common method employed for combating waterborne pollutants in bivalves is depuration with purified seawater. Although this method is effective at increasing the microbiological quality of bivalves, in most cases, it is ineffective at eliminating other risks, such as, for example, viruses or heavy metals. Biological (bacteriocins and bacteriophages), physical (UV light, ozone, and gamma-irradiation), chemical (metallothioneins and chitosan), and other industrial processing methods have been found to be useful for eliminating some contaminants from seawater. The aim of this work was to provide a review of academic articles concerning the use of treatments complementary to conventional depuration, aiming to improve depuration process efficiency by reducing depuration times and decreasing the levels of the most difficult-to-erase contaminants. We conclude that there are different lab-tested strategies that can reduce depuration times and increase the food safety of bivalve produce, with possible short- and long-term industrial applications that could improve the competitivity of the aquaculture industry.
双壳贝类是滤食性生物，能够积累和浓缩其生存水体中存在的水传播污染物。水产养殖环境中存在的生物毒素、致病细菌、病毒和重金属对人类健康构成主要危害。用于消除双壳贝类中水传播污染物的最常见方法是用净化海水进行净化处理。尽管这种方法在提高双壳贝类的微生物质量方面有效，但在大多数情况下，它在消除其他风险方面无效，例如病毒或重金属。已发现生物（细菌素和噬菌体）、物理（紫外线、臭氧和伽马辐射）、化学（金属硫蛋白和壳聚糖）以及其他工业加工方法可用于去除海水中的一些污染物。这项工作的目的是对有关使用传统净化补充处理方法的学术文章进行综述，旨在通过缩短净化时间和降低最难去除污染物的水平来提高净化过程效率。我们得出结论，有不同的经过实验室测试的策略可以缩短净化时间并提高双壳贝类产品的食品安全，可能有短期和长期的工业应用，这可以提高水产养殖业的竞争力。
