School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
Biomater Sci. 2020 Mar 17;8(6):1490-1501. doi: 10.1039/c9bm01643k.
Particles with a size range of 1-100 nm used in various fields of life sciences are called nanoparticles (NPs). Currently, nanotechnology has a wide range of applications in biomedical research, industries and in almost all types of modern technology. The growing applications of nanotechnology in medicine urge scientists to analyze the impact of NPs on human body tissues and the immune system. Easy surface modifications of the NPs enable the modulation of the immune system either by evading the immune system to prevent allergic reactions or by enhancing the immunogenic response. In this review, we discussed the various possible theories and practical implications reported to date for the applications of nanotechnology in immunostimulation and immunosuppression for favorable immune response, such as vaccine delivery and cancer treatments. In the last part of this paper, we also discussed the biocompatibility and unfavorable immunotoxicity of NPs and methods for lowering their toxicity.
在生命科学的各个领域中使用的尺寸范围为 1-100nm 的颗粒被称为纳米颗粒（NPs）。目前，纳米技术在生物医学研究、工业和几乎所有类型的现代技术中有着广泛的应用。纳米技术在医学中的应用日益广泛，促使科学家们分析 NPs 对人体组织和免疫系统的影响。 NPs 易于进行表面修饰，从而可以调节免疫系统，要么逃避免疫系统以防止过敏反应，要么增强免疫原性反应。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了迄今为止报道的用于免疫刺激和免疫抑制以获得有利免疫反应（如疫苗传递和癌症治疗）的纳米技术的各种可能理论和实际意义。在本文的最后一部分，我们还讨论了 NPs 的生物相容性和不利的免疫毒性及其降低毒性的方法。
