Director, Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA, 94164-1603, USA.
College of Natural and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Nutrition, Zayed University, P.O. Box 4783, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020 Mar;74(3):366-376. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0564-0. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Over the past two decades, many studies reported the benefits of higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations for nonskeletal effects. Researchers found significant benefits in reducing risk of acute respiratory tract infections, many types of cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, premature death, and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. In addition, 25(OH)D concentrations are low for various reasons in several categories of people, including the obese, those with dark skin living at higher latitudes, the elderly, and those who do not eat much eggs, fish, meat, or vitamin D fortified milk. Measuring 25(OH)D concentrations is one way to both increase the awareness of vitamin D's importance in maintaining good health and to encourage vitamin D supplementation or increased solar ultraviolet-B exposure to sustain well-being throughout life by reducing disease incidence. Although 20 ng/ml seems adequate to reduce risk of skeletal problems and acute respiratory tract infections, concentrations above 30 ng/ml have been associated with reduced risk of cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Thus, judicious testing of 25(OH)D concentrations could reduce disease incidence and make treatment expenditures more cost-effective.
在过去的二十年中，许多研究报告了较高的 25-羟维生素 D [25(OH)D] 浓度对非骨骼效应的益处。研究人员发现，它在降低急性呼吸道感染、多种癌症、2 型糖尿病、过早死亡以及不良妊娠和分娩结局的风险方面具有显著益处。此外，由于各种原因，包括肥胖者、居住在高纬度地区的深色皮肤者、老年人以及不常食用鸡蛋、鱼类、肉类或添加维生素 D 的牛奶者，有几类人群的 25(OH)D 浓度较低。测量 25(OH)D 浓度不仅可以提高人们对维生素 D 维持健康重要性的认识，还可以通过补充维生素 D 或增加太阳紫外线-B 暴露来促进健康，从而降低疾病发生率，维持一生的健康。尽管 20ng/ml 的浓度似乎足以降低骨骼问题和急性呼吸道感染的风险，但浓度高于 30ng/ml 与降低癌症、2 型糖尿病和不良妊娠及分娩结局的风险有关。因此，明智地检测 25(OH)D 浓度可以降低疾病发生率并使治疗支出更具成本效益。
