Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
J Hazard Mater. 2020 May 5;389:122087. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122087. Epub 2020 Jan 20.
Mycotoxins are secondary products produced by fungi in cereals and are frequently found in the livestock industry as contaminants of farm animal feed. Studies analyzing feed mycotoxins have been conducted worldwide and have confirmed the presence of mycotoxins with biological activity, including aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol, in a large proportion of feed samples. Exposure to mycotoxins can cause immunotoxicity and impair reproductive function in farm animals. In addition, exposure of tissues, such as the kidneys, liver, and intestines, to mycotoxins can exert histopathological changes that can interfere with animal growth and survival. This review describes previous studies regarding the presence of major mycotoxins in the feed of farm animals, especially pigs and poultry. Moreover, it describes the adverse effects of mycotoxins in farm animals following exposure, as well as the biological activity of mycotoxins in animal-derived cells. Mycotoxins have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and proliferation in porcine and bovine cells. A clear understanding of the effects of mycotoxins on farm animals will help reduce farm household economic loss and address the health concerns of people who consume these meat and dairy products.
真菌在谷物中产生的次级产物即为霉菌毒素，它们经常作为农场动物饲料的污染物存在于畜牧业中。全世界范围内都开展了分析饲料霉菌毒素的研究，并证实了生物活性霉菌毒素（如黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素 A、伏马菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇）在很大比例的饲料样本中的存在。动物接触霉菌毒素会导致免疫毒性，并损害其生殖功能。此外，霉菌毒素会对组织（如肾脏、肝脏和肠道）造成影响，产生组织病理学变化，从而干扰动物的生长和存活。本综述描述了之前关于农场动物（尤其是猪和家禽）饲料中主要霉菌毒素存在的研究。此外，还描述了动物接触霉菌毒素后的不良影响，以及霉菌毒素在动物源性细胞中的生物活性。霉菌毒素已被证明可调节猪和牛细胞中的信号通路、氧化应激、内质网应激、细胞凋亡和增殖。清楚了解霉菌毒素对农场动物的影响将有助于减少农户的经济损失，并解决食用这些肉类和奶制品的人们的健康问题。
