Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.
School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2020 Sep-Oct;39(7):636-644. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1723451. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
Sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) is essential for athletes to support selection of a diet to optimize sports performance. Unfortunately, assessment of SNK is limited by a lack of well-validated instruments. Valid assessment of SNK would assist in identifying gaps in athlete knowledge, as well as tailoring and evaluating nutrition education interventions. The aim of this study was to develop and conduct content validation on a SNK questionnaire for athletes. Focus groups (FG) with experienced sports nutritionists at four elite sporting institutions in Australia and New Zealand were conducted to inform instrument development. FGs were recorded, transcribed verbatim and broad themes identified. Draft items for the Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of Sports Nutrition Questionnaire (PEAKS-NQ) were developed using FG themes, the scientific literature, and a sports nutrition position stand. FG participants were subsequently invited to review the PEAKS-NQ using a modified Delphi process to refine draft items and inform content validity. Participants ( = 16; median experience 11.5 years) identified key assessment domains including general nutrition knowledge along with SNK and supported development of an electronic instrument with food images. The electronic PEAKS-NQ was subsequently developed and reviewed by a subset of FG participants ( = 11/16). This informed changes to 41/94 items with none removed. The final PEAKS-NQ assessed knowledge of food groups, macro- and micronutrients, competition nutrition, dietary supplements and skills in adjusting dietary intake to different situations. Minor adaptation to incorporate local foods would facilitate international use of the PEAKS-NQ. Further validation, including athlete performance on the instrument, is warranted.
运动营养知识（SNK）对于运动员支持选择饮食以优化运动表现至关重要。不幸的是，由于缺乏经过充分验证的工具，因此对 SNK 的评估受到限制。对 SNK 的有效评估将有助于确定运动员知识中的差距，并有助于调整和评估营养教育干预措施。本研究的目的是为运动员的 SNK 问卷制定并进行内容验证。在澳大利亚和新西兰的四个精英体育机构进行了经验丰富的运动营养学家焦点小组（FG），以提供仪器开发的信息。FG 进行了录音、逐字记录，并确定了广泛的主题。使用 FG 主题、科学文献和运动营养立场声明，制定了 Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of Sports Nutrition Questionnaire（PEAKS-NQ）的草案项目。随后，邀请 FG 参与者使用修改后的 Delphi 过程审查 PEAKS-NQ，以完善草案项目并提供内容有效性。参与者（中位数经验 11.5 年）确定了关键评估领域，包括一般营养知识以及 SNK，并支持开发具有食物图像的电子仪器。随后，电子版的 PEAKS-NQ 由 FG 参与者的一部分（16 名中的 11 名）进行了开发和审查。这促使对 94 个项目中的 41 个进行了更改，没有删除任何项目。最终的 PEAKS-NQ 评估了食物组、宏量和微量营养素、比赛营养、膳食补充剂以及根据不同情况调整饮食摄入量的技能的知识。对当地食物的轻微调整将促进 PEAKS-NQ 在国际上的使用。需要进一步验证，包括运动员在仪器上的表现。
