Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, 080-8555, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
Biomolecules. 2020 Jan 30;10(2):202. doi: 10.3390/biom10020202.
Herbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Many plant species have been reported to have pharmacological activities attributable to their phytoconstituents such are glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a traditional spice that has been used for food preservation and possesses various pharmacological activities. S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. Eugenyl acetate, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil. Pharmacologically, S. aromaticum has been examined toward various pathogenic parasites and microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, Plasmodium, Babesia, Theileria parasites, Herpes simplex, and hepatitis C viruses. Several reports documented the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, anti-depressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of eugenol against several pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant and . Moreover, eugenol was found to protect against CClinduced hepatotoxicity and showed a potential lethal efficacy against the multiplication of various parasites including , , and . This review examines the phytochemical composition and biological activities of clove extracts along with clove essential oil and the main active compound, eugenol, and implicates new findings from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis.
草药产品已被证明是发现新药物分子的重要来源，这些药物分子已被用于治疗严重疾病。许多植物物种已被报道具有药理学活性，这归因于它们的植物成分，如糖苷、皂甙、类黄酮、类固醇、单宁、生物碱、萜烯等。丁香（丁香）是一种传统香料，用于食品保存，具有多种药理活性。丁香富含许多植物化学物质，如下：倍半萜烯、单萜烯、碳氢化合物和酚类化合物。乙酸丁香酯、丁香酚和 β-丁香烯是丁香油中最重要的植物化学物质。药理学研究表明，丁香对各种致病寄生虫和微生物具有作用，包括致病性细菌、疟原虫、巴贝斯虫、泰勒虫寄生虫、单纯疱疹病毒和丙型肝炎病毒。有几份报告记录了丁香油中的丁香酚对几种致病细菌（包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和）的镇痛、抗氧化、抗癌、防腐、抗抑郁、抗痉挛、抗炎、抗病毒、抗真菌和抗菌活性。此外，丁香酚被发现可预防 CCl 引起的肝毒性，并对多种寄生虫（包括、、和）的繁殖显示出潜在的致死疗效。本综述检查了丁香提取物以及丁香精油和主要活性化合物丁香酚的植物化学成分和生物活性，并暗示了气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析的新发现。
