Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 1;21(3):969. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030969.
A growing body of evidence now suggests that precision psychiatry, an interdisciplinary field of psychiatry, precision medicine, and pharmacogenomics, serves as an indispensable foundation of medical practices by offering the accurate medication with the accurate dose at the accurate time to patients with psychiatric disorders. In light of the latest advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, numerous biomarkers and genetic loci associated with psychiatric diseases and relevant treatments are being discovered in precision psychiatry research by employing neuroimaging and multi-omics. In this review, we focus on the latest developments for precision psychiatry research using artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches, such as deep learning and neural network algorithms, together with multi-omics and neuroimaging data. Firstly, we review precision psychiatry and pharmacogenomics studies that leverage various artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to assess treatment prediction, prognosis prediction, diagnosis prediction, and the detection of potential biomarkers. In addition, we describe potential biomarkers and genetic loci that have been discovered to be associated with psychiatric diseases and relevant treatments. Moreover, we outline the limitations in regard to the previous precision psychiatry and pharmacogenomics studies. Finally, we present a discussion of directions and challenges for future research.
越来越多的证据表明，精准精神病学作为精神病学、精准医学和药物基因组学的交叉学科，为精神障碍患者在准确的时间提供准确剂量的准确药物，为医疗实践提供了不可或缺的基础。鉴于人工智能和机器学习技术的最新进展，通过神经影像学和多组学研究，在精准精神病学研究中发现了许多与精神疾病和相关治疗相关的生物标志物和遗传位点。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了使用人工智能和机器学习方法（如深度学习和神经网络算法）以及多组学和神经影像学数据进行精准精神病学研究的最新进展。首先，我们回顾了利用各种人工智能和机器学习技术评估治疗预测、预后预测、诊断预测和潜在生物标志物检测的精准精神病学和药物基因组学研究。此外，我们还描述了已发现与精神疾病和相关治疗相关的潜在生物标志物和遗传位点。此外，我们还概述了先前精准精神病学和药物基因组学研究的局限性。最后，我们讨论了未来研究的方向和挑战。
