El-Gayyar Maha A, Helmy Manal E, Amer Eman R, Elsaied Moustafa A, Gaballah Mohammad A
Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Pathology, Banha Educational Hospital, Banha, Egypt.
Indian J Dermatol. 2020 Jan-Feb;65(1):33-37. doi: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_344_18.
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis including genetic, autoimmune, and neuronal factors. Both humoral- and cell-mediated immunities are supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Patients with vitiligo have an increased concentration of circulating autoantibodies that are specific to melanocyte cytoplasm and surface antigens that related to the extent of the disease.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of antimelanocyte antibodies (AMAs), complement 3 and 4 (C3 and C4), and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
This study included 49 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo and 36 healthy individuals as a control group. All participants were subjected to detailed history, general examination, and detailed dermatological examination of the skin, hair, nails, and oral mucosa. The severity of vitiligo was assessed according to the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI). AMA, C3 and C4, and ANA serum levels were measured for patients and controls.
ANA, AMA, and C4 levels were significantly higher in the sera of patients than in controls. ANA, AMA, and C4 serum levels showed significant positive correlations with VASI score.
Our results support the role of AMA in the pathogenesis of nonsegmental vitiligo, correlating with the disease extent and severity. However, a longitudinal study in a large cohort of patients to evaluate the clinical and predictive value of AMA is warranted.
白癜风是一种后天性色素脱失性皮肤病，其发病机制具有多因素性，包括遗传、自身免疫和神经因素。体液免疫和细胞介导免疫均被认为在白癜风发病机制中起作用。白癜风患者循环中针对黑素细胞胞质和表面抗原的自身抗体浓度升高，且这些抗体与疾病程度相关。
本研究旨在评估抗黑素细胞抗体（AMA）、补体3和4（C3和C4）以及抗核抗体（ANA）在白癜风发病机制中的作用。
本研究纳入49例非节段型白癜风患者和36例健康个体作为对照组。所有参与者均接受详细病史询问、全身检查以及皮肤、毛发、指甲和口腔黏膜的详细皮肤科检查。根据白癜风面积评分指数（VASI）评估白癜风的严重程度。检测患者和对照组的AMA、C3和C4以及ANA血清水平。
患者血清中的ANA、AMA和C4水平显著高于对照组。ANA、AMA和C4血清水平与VASI评分呈显著正相关。
我们的结果支持AMA在非节段型白癜风发病机制中的作用，且与疾病范围和严重程度相关。然而，有必要对大量患者进行纵向研究以评估AMA的临床和预测价值。
