Somers Kiran R, Svatikova Anna
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
J Clin Med. 2020 Feb 5;9(2):431. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020431.
There is an increasing consumption of energy drinks both in the United States and worldwide. The components of these beverages are sometimes unclear but commonly include caffeine, sugars, taurine, and B-vitamins. Young people, particularly those engaged in sports, studying, and in the military are especially likely to be consumers of energy drinks. While limited data are available regarding their autonomic and hemodynamic effects, current literature suggests that energy drink consumption is accompanied by increases in blood pressure, sympathetic drive, and also in QT prolongation. There are no systematic long term studies identifying consequences of frequent energy drink consumption. However, multiple anecdotal reports implicate energy drinks in adverse cardiovascular events including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Events such as atrial fibrillation may even occur in otherwise healthy subjects with structurally normal hearts. It is likely that these cardiovascular outcomes are triggered by the hemodynamic, autonomic, and electrocardiographic responses to energy drink consumption. What remains unclear is how concomitant use of other stimulants such as amphetamines and nicotine may interact to potentiate neural and circulatory responses and cardiovascular consequences when combined with energy drinks.
在美国和全球范围内，能量饮料的消费量都在不断增加。这些饮料的成分有时并不明确，但通常包括咖啡因、糖、牛磺酸和B族维生素。年轻人，尤其是从事运动、学习和军事活动的人，特别有可能成为能量饮料的消费者。虽然关于其自主神经和血液动力学效应的数据有限，但目前的文献表明，饮用能量饮料会导致血压升高、交感神经驱动增加以及QT间期延长。目前尚无系统的长期研究确定频繁饮用能量饮料的后果。然而，多个轶事报告表明能量饮料与不良心血管事件有关，包括心房颤动、室性心律失常、心肌梗死和猝死。即使是心脏结构正常的健康受试者也可能发生心房颤动等事件。这些心血管后果很可能是由饮用能量饮料后的血液动力学、自主神经和心电图反应引发的。尚不清楚的是，当与能量饮料混合使用时，其他兴奋剂如苯丙胺和尼古丁的同时使用如何相互作用，增强神经和循环反应以及心血管后果。
