Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
Clin Ther. 2020 Mar;42(3):499-514. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.009. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
The field of HIV-1 vaccinology has evolved during the last 30 years from the first viral vector HIV gene insert constructs to vaccination regimens using a myriad of strategies. These strategies now include germline-targeting, lineage-based, and structure-guided immunogen design. This narrative review outlines the historical context of HIV vaccinology and subsequently highlights the scientific discoveries during the last 6 years that promise to propel the field forward.
We conducted a search of 2 electronic databases, PubMed and EMBASE, for experimental studies that involved new HIV immunogen designs between 2013 and 2019. During the title and abstract reviews, publications were excluded if they were written in language other than English and/or were a letter to the editor, a commentary, or a conference-only presentation. We then used ClinicalTrials.gov to identify completed and ongoing clinical trials using these strategies.
The HIV vaccinology field has undergone periods of significant growth during the last 3 decades. Findings elucidated in preclinical studies have revealed the importance of the interaction between the cellular and humoral immune system. As a result, several new rationally designed vaccine strategies have been developed and explored in the last 6 years, including native-like envelope trimers, nanoparticle, and mRNA vaccine design strategies among others. Several of these strategies have shown enough promise in animal models to progress toward first-in-human Phase I clinical trials.
Rapid developments in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies suggest that a tolerable and effective HIV vaccine may be on the horizon.
在过去的 30 年中，HIV-1 疫苗学领域从最初的病毒载体 HIV 基因插入构建物发展到使用多种策略的疫苗接种方案。这些策略现在包括种系靶向、谱系和结构导向的免疫原设计。本叙述性综述概述了 HIV 疫苗学的历史背景，随后强调了过去 6 年中有望推动该领域前进的科学发现。
我们在 PubMed 和 EMBASE 这两个电子数据库中进行了搜索，以寻找涉及 2013 年至 2019 年间新型 HIV 免疫原设计的实验研究。在标题和摘要审查过程中，如果出版物是用英文以外的语言撰写的，或者是信件给编辑、评论或会议仅演示，则将其排除在外。然后，我们使用 ClinicalTrials.gov 来识别使用这些策略的已完成和正在进行的临床试验。
在过去的 30 年中，HIV 疫苗学领域经历了几个重要的增长期。临床前研究的结果揭示了细胞和体液免疫系统相互作用的重要性。因此，在过去 6 年中，已经开发并探索了几种新的合理设计的疫苗策略，包括天然样包膜三聚体、纳米颗粒和 mRNA 疫苗设计策略等。这些策略中的几种在动物模型中表现出足够的前景，有望进入首次人体 I 期临床试验。
临床前和早期临床研究的快速发展表明，一种可耐受且有效的 HIV 疫苗可能即将面世。
