Subramanian Lakshmi, Calcagnotto Maria Elisa, Paredes Mercedes F
Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2020 Jan 24;13:576. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00576. eCollection 2019.
Creating a functional cerebral cortex requires a series of complex and well-coordinated developmental steps. These steps have evolved across species with the emergence of cortical gyrification and coincided with more complex behaviors. The presence of diverse progenitor cells, a protracted timeline for neuronal migration and maturation, and diverse neuronal types are developmental features that have emerged in the gyrated cortex. These factors could explain how the human brain has expanded in size and complexity. However, their complex nature also renders new avenues of vulnerability by providing additional cell types that could contribute to disease and longer time windows that could impact the composition and organization of the cortical circuit. We aim to discuss the unique developmental steps observed in human corticogenesis and propose how disruption of these species-unique processes could lead to malformations of cortical development.
构建一个功能正常的大脑皮层需要一系列复杂且协调良好的发育步骤。随着皮层脑回化的出现，这些步骤在不同物种中不断进化，且与更复杂的行为同时出现。不同类型的祖细胞、神经元迁移和成熟的漫长时间表以及多样的神经元类型，都是脑回化皮层中出现的发育特征。这些因素可以解释人类大脑在大小和复杂性方面是如何扩展的。然而，它们的复杂性质也通过提供可能导致疾病的额外细胞类型以及可能影响皮层回路组成和组织的更长时间窗口，带来了新的脆弱性途径。我们旨在讨论在人类皮质发生过程中观察到的独特发育步骤，并提出这些物种特有的过程受到干扰可能如何导致皮层发育畸形。
