Yong-Quan Ng Gavin, Yang-Wei Fann David, Jo Dong-Gyu, Sobey Christopher G, Arumugam Thiruma V
Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Cond Med. 2019 Dec;2(6):284-299.
Biological aging occurs concomitantly with chronological aging and is commonly burdened by the development of age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and a myriad of metabolic diseases. With a current global shift in disease epidemiology associated with aging and the resultant social, economic, and healthcare burdens faced by many countries, the need to achieve successful aging has fueled efforts to address this problem. Aging is a complex biological phenomenon that has confounded much of the historical research effort to understand it, with still limited knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Interestingly, dietary restriction (DR) is one intervention that produces anti-aging effects from simple organisms to mammals. Research into DR has revealed robust systemic effects that can result in attenuation of age-related diseases via a myriad of molecular mechanisms. Given that numerous age-associated diseases are often polygenic and affect individuals differently, it is possible that they are confounded by interactions between environmental influences and the genome, a process termed 'epigenetics'. In part one of the review, we summarize the different variants of DR regimens and their corresponding mechanism(s) and resultant effects, as well as in-depth analysis of current knowledge of the epigenetic landscape.
生物衰老与时间年龄的增长同步发生，通常伴随着与年龄相关疾病的发展，如神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病以及众多代谢性疾病。随着当前全球疾病流行病学与衰老相关的转变以及许多国家面临的社会、经济和医疗负担，实现成功衰老的需求推动了应对这一问题的努力。衰老是一种复杂的生物学现象，它使许多历史研究工作难以理解，对其潜在分子机制的了解仍然有限。有趣的是，饮食限制（DR）是一种从简单生物体到哺乳动物都能产生抗衰老作用的干预措施。对饮食限制的研究揭示了强大的全身效应，这些效应可通过多种分子机制导致与年龄相关疾病的减轻。鉴于许多与年龄相关的疾病通常是多基因的，并且对个体的影响各不相同，它们可能受到环境影响与基因组之间相互作用的混淆，这一过程称为“表观遗传学”。在本综述的第一部分，我们总结了饮食限制方案的不同变体及其相应的机制和结果效应，以及对当前表观遗传格局知识的深入分析。
