Department of Public Health Medicine, RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus (formerly Penang Medical College), George Town, Penang, Malaysia.
Health Education England, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 10;15(2):e0228570. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228570. eCollection 2020.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, characterized by hyperglycemic state of the body. A silent killer, which can take the lives of victims if undiagnosed at the earliest stage. Prediabetes has become an important health concern across countries due to its huge potential for the development of diabetes and other complications. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes and its associated factors among rural fishing communities in Penang, Malaysia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among fishing communities in Southwest District of Penang, Malaysia from August to November 2017. Blood sample (finger prick test) and physical examination were performed on sample of 168 participants consented in this study. Pre-validated Malay versions of International Physical Activity 7 (IPAQ-7) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires were used to assess the level of physical activity and stress levels of the participants. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes.
The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were 19.6% (95% CI: 14.3, 26.4) and 10.12% (95% CI: 6.4, 15.7) respectively. The median physical activity (interquartile range) in MET-minutes per week for those with diabetes (1071.0 (2120.0)) and prediabetes (1314.0 (1710.0)) was generally lower as compared to non-diabetes. Majority reported moderate stress (57.3%) from PSS system. Abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes and being hypertensive were significant factors associated with diabetes; while older age, bigger waist circumference and self-perceived poor routine diet were factors associated with prediabetes.
The screening for prediabetes in this population gives the opportunity to implement lifestyle interventions at the earliest possible, which could prevent the development of diabetes. The identification of diabetic individuals provides an opportunity to conduct health promotion and education to ensure good metabolic control and hence reduce the risks of complications.
糖尿病是一种代谢紊乱，其特征是人体的高血糖状态。如果在早期阶段未被诊断出来，它可能会成为无声的杀手，夺走患者的生命。由于其发展为糖尿病和其他并发症的巨大潜力，糖尿病前期已成为各国关注的重要健康问题。本研究的目的是确定马来西亚槟城西南部农村渔业社区糖尿病前期和糖尿病的患病率及其相关因素。
本研究于 2017 年 8 月至 11 月在马来西亚槟城西南部的渔业社区进行了横断面研究。对同意参加本研究的 168 名参与者进行了血液样本（指尖采血试验）和体格检查。使用经过预先验证的马来语版国际体力活动问卷 7（IPAQ-7）和感知压力量表（PSS）问卷评估参与者的体力活动水平和压力水平。使用多项逻辑回归模型来确定与糖尿病前期和糖尿病相关的因素。
糖尿病和糖尿病前期的患病率分别为 19.6%（95%CI：14.3，26.4）和 10.12%（95%CI：6.4，15.7）。与非糖尿病患者相比，糖尿病（1071.0（2120.0））和糖尿病前期（1314.0（1710.0））患者每周代谢分钟的中位数体力活动（四分位间距）通常较低。大多数人从 PSS 系统报告中度压力（57.3%）。腹部肥胖、糖尿病家族史和高血压是与糖尿病相关的重要因素；而年龄较大、腰围较大和自我感知常规饮食不良是与糖尿病前期相关的因素。
对该人群进行糖尿病前期筛查为尽早实施生活方式干预提供了机会，从而可以预防糖尿病的发生。识别糖尿病患者为进行健康促进和教育提供了机会，以确保良好的代谢控制，从而降低并发症的风险。
