Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics and Genomics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Transl Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 21;10(1):11. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-0691-3.
Job-related stress has been associated with poor health outcomes but little is known about the causal nature of these findings. We employed Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach to investigate the causal effect of neuroticism, education, and physical activity on job satisfaction. Trait-specific genetic risk score (GRS) based on recent genome wide association studies were used as instrumental variables (IV) using the UK Biobank cohort (N = 315,536). Both single variable and multivariable MR analyses were used to determine the effect of each trait on job satisfaction. We observed a clear evidence of a causal association between neuroticism and job satisfaction. In single variable MR, one standard deviation (1 SD) higher genetically determined neuroticism score (4.07 units) was associated with -0.31 units lower job satisfaction (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.38 to -0.24; P = 9.5 × 10). The causal associations remained significant after performing sensitivity analyses by excluding invalid genetic variants from GRS (β(95%CI): -0.28(-0.35 to -0.21); P = 3.4 x 10). Education (0.02; -0.08 to 0.12; 0.67) and physical activity (0.08; -0.34 to 0.50; 0.70) did not show any evidence for causal association with job satisfaction. When genetic instruments for neuroticism, education and physical activity were included together, the association of neuroticism score with job satisfaction was reduced by only -0.01 units, suggesting an independent inverse causal association between neuroticism score (P = 2.7 x 10) and job satisfaction. Our findings show an independent causal association between neuroticism score and job satisfaction. Physically active lifestyle may help to increase job satisfaction despite presence of high neuroticism scores. Our study highlights the importance of considering the confounding effect of negative personality traits for studies on job satisfaction.
工作相关压力与健康状况不佳有关，但人们对这些发现的因果性质知之甚少。我们采用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法研究神经质、教育和体力活动对工作满意度的因果影响。利用英国生物库队列（N=315536），使用基于最近全基因组关联研究的特质特异性遗传风险评分（GRS）作为工具变量（IV）。使用单变量和多变量 MR 分析来确定每个特质对工作满意度的影响。我们观察到神经质与工作满意度之间存在明显的因果关系。在单变量 MR 中，遗传决定的神经质评分增加一个标准差（1 SD）（4.07 个单位）与工作满意度降低 0.31 个单位相关（95%置信区间（CI）：-0.38 至 -0.24；P=9.5×10）。在从 GRS 中排除无效遗传变异后进行敏感性分析时，因果关系仍然显著（β（95%CI）：-0.28（-0.35 至 -0.21）；P=3.4×10）。教育（0.02；-0.08 至 0.12；0.67）和体力活动（0.08；-0.34 至 0.50；0.70）与工作满意度均无因果关系。当神经质、教育和体力活动的遗传工具一起纳入时，神经质评分与工作满意度的关联仅降低了-0.01 个单位，表明神经质评分与工作满意度之间存在独立的负向因果关系（P=2.7×10）。我们的研究结果表明，神经质评分与工作满意度之间存在独立的因果关系。积极的生活方式可能有助于提高工作满意度，尽管存在较高的神经质评分。我们的研究强调了在研究工作满意度时考虑负面人格特质的混杂效应的重要性。
