Murphy Maureen, Ellsberg Mary, Contreras-Urbina Manuel
The Global Women's Institute at the George Washington University, 2140 G Street NW, Washington DC, 20052 USA.
Confl Health. 2020 Feb 12;14:6. doi: 10.1186/s13031-020-0257-2. eCollection 2020.
Despite high rates of violence against women and girls (VAWG) in conflict and humanitarian contexts, many survivors do not tell anyone about their experience or seek help from support r services (e.g. health, legal, psychosocial support, police).
This paper examines disclosure and help seeking behaviours of survivors of non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women and girls aged 15-64 from three sites in South Sudan. It seeks to understand how exposure to armed conflict is associated with disclosure and help seeking practices.
For NPSV, respondents for whom an incident of sexual violence occurred during conflict had twice the odds of telling someone about their experience (aOR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3-3.7; < 0.01) and three times the odds of seeking help (aOR: 3.1; 95%CI: 1.7-5.9, < .001), compared to respondents for whom the incident of violence did not occur during conflict. Age, the identity of the perpetrator, working status of the woman, poverty and location also affected disclosure and help seeking behaviours for survivors of NPSV. For IPV, exposure to conflict increased the odds a respondent would tell someone about her experience (aOR 1.7; 95%CI 1.2-2.5; < .01), but was not associated with seeking support services. The severity of IPV affected both disclosure and help seeking behaviours, with the odds of disclosing IPV increasing if the respondent experienced both physical and sexual IPV (compared to only sexual violence), had been injured, thought their well-being was affected, was afraid of their partner, or was controlled by their partner. However, not all these factors were subsequently associated with help seeking behaviours for survivors of IPV and respondents who reported they were sometimes afraid of their partner had reduced odds of seeking help, compared to those who were never afraid of their partners.
These findings are important as, prior to this analysis, it was unclear how experiencing conflict-related VAWG would influence disclosure and help seeking. Given the findings of this paper, it is important that the international community consider how to reduce barriers to reporting and help seeking for non-conflict-related forms of violence in these settings.
尽管在冲突和人道主义背景下，暴力侵害妇女和女童行为（VAWG）发生率很高，但许多幸存者并未向任何人讲述自己的经历，也未向支持服务机构（如医疗、法律、心理社会支持、警方）寻求帮助。
本文研究了南苏丹三个地区15至64岁妇女和女童中非伴侣性暴力（NPSV）和亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）幸存者的披露及求助行为。旨在了解遭受武装冲突如何与披露及求助行为相关联。
对于非伴侣性暴力，与暴力事件未在冲突期间发生的受访者相比，冲突期间发生过性暴力事件的受访者向他人讲述自己经历的几率高出两倍（校正比值比：2.2；95%置信区间：1.3 - 3.7；P < 0.01），寻求帮助的几率高出三倍（校正比值比：3.1；95%置信区间：1.7 - 5.9，P < 0.001）。年龄、施暴者身份、女性工作状况、贫困程度和地点也影响非伴侣性暴力幸存者的披露及求助行为。对于亲密伴侣暴力，遭受冲突会增加受访者向他人讲述自己经历的几率（校正比值比1.7；95%置信区间1.2 - 2.5；P < 0.01），但与寻求支持服务无关。亲密伴侣暴力的严重程度影响披露及求助行为，如果受访者同时经历身体暴力和性暴力（与仅遭受性暴力相比）、受过伤、认为自己的幸福受到影响、害怕伴侣或受伴侣控制，披露亲密伴侣暴力的几率就会增加。然而，并非所有这些因素随后都与亲密伴侣暴力幸存者的求助行为相关，与从不害怕伴侣的受访者相比，报告有时害怕伴侣的受访者寻求帮助的几率降低。
这些发现很重要，因为在此分析之前，尚不清楚经历与冲突相关的暴力侵害妇女行为会如何影响披露及求助行为。鉴于本文的研究结果，国际社会考虑如何减少这些环境中与非冲突相关形式暴力的报告和求助障碍很重要。
