Luo Ya, Yang Jiqiao, Yu Jing, Liu Xiaowei, Yu Chune, Hu Jianping, Shi Hubing, Ma Xuelei
Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Oncol. 2020 Jan 31;10:48. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00048. eCollection 2020.
Tumor immunosuppression may assist the immune escape of cancer cells, which promotes tumor metastasis and resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. The therapeutic strategies against tumor immunosuppression mainly focus on blocking immune checkpoint receptors, enhancing T-cell recognition and neutralizing inhibitory molecules. Although immunotherapies based on these strategies have improved the clinical outcomes, immunological nonresponse and resistance are two barriers to tumor eradication. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers for patient selection and therapeutic targets for the development of combination regimen with immunotherapy. Recent studies have reported that non-protein-coding modulators exhibit important functions in post-transcriptional gene regulation, which subsequently modulates multiple pathophysiological processes, including neoplastic transformation. Differentiated from microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to be involved in various processes of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor immunosuppression. Currently, studies on tumor immunity regulated by lncRNAs are mainly confined to certain types of cancer cells or stromal cells. Additionally, the majority of studies are focused on the events involved in T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Although the reported studies have indicated the significance of lncRNAs in immunotherapy, the lack of comprehensive studies prevents us from exploring useful lncRNAs. In the current review, we have summarized the roles of lncRNAs in tumor immune response, and highlighted major lncRNAs as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for clinical application of immunotherapy.
肿瘤免疫抑制可能有助于癌细胞的免疫逃逸，从而促进肿瘤转移和对放化疗的抵抗。针对肿瘤免疫抑制的治疗策略主要集中在阻断免疫检查点受体、增强T细胞识别以及中和抑制性分子。尽管基于这些策略的免疫疗法改善了临床疗效，但免疫无反应和耐药性是根除肿瘤的两大障碍。因此，迫切需要鉴定新的生物标志物用于患者选择，并确定治疗靶点以开发免疫疗法联合方案。最近的研究报道，非蛋白质编码调节剂在转录后基因调控中发挥重要作用，进而调节包括肿瘤转化在内的多种病理生理过程。与微小RNA不同，长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）据报道参与肿瘤微环境（TME）中免疫反应的各种过程，以促进肿瘤免疫抑制。目前，关于lncRNA调控肿瘤免疫的研究主要局限于某些类型的癌细胞或基质细胞。此外，大多数研究集中在与T细胞和髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）相关的事件上。尽管已报道的研究表明lncRNA在免疫治疗中具有重要意义，但缺乏全面研究阻碍了我们探索有用的lncRNA。在本综述中，我们总结了lncRNA在肿瘤免疫反应中的作用，并强调主要的lncRNA作为免疫治疗临床应用的潜在生物标志物或治疗靶点。
