Systems biology approach identifies functional modules and regulatory hubs related to secondary metabolites accumulation after transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic growth condition in microalgae.

Heterotrophic growth mode is among the most promising strategies put forth to overcome the low biomass and secondary metabolites productivity challenge. To shedding light on the underlying molecular mechanisms, transcriptome meta-analysis was integrated with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), connectivity analysis, functional enrichment, and hubs identification. Meta-analysis and Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that most of the biological processes are up-regulated at heterotrophic growth condition, which leads to change of genetic architectures and phenotypic outcomes. WGNCA analysis of meta-genes also resulted four significant functional modules across logarithmic (LG), transition (TR), and production peak (PR) phases. The expression pattern and connectivity characteristics of the brown module as a non-preserved module vary across LG, TR, and PR phases. Functional analysis identified Carotenoid biosynthesis, Fatty acid metabolism and Methane metabolism as enriched pathways in the non-preserved module. Our integrated approach was applied here, identified some hubs, such as a serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1), which is the best candidate for development of metabolites accumulating strains in microalgae. Current study provided a new insight into underlying metabolite accumulation mechanisms and opens new avenue for the future applied studies in the microalgae field.