Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, HMRB-53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, HMRB-71, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2020 Apr;467(1-2):77-94. doi: 10.1007/s11010-020-03703-z. Epub 2020 Feb 22.
Discovered in the late 1980s as an extracellular vesicle of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes, exosomes recently gained scientific attention due to its role in intercellular communication. Exosomes have now been identified to carry cell-specific cargo of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other biologically active molecules. Exosomes can be selectively taken up by neighboring or distant cells, which has shown to result in structural and functional responses in the recipient cells. Recent advances indicate the regulation of exosomes at various steps, including their biogenesis, selection of their cargo, as well as cell-specific uptake. This review will shed light on the differences between the type of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of the regulation of exosome biogenesis, secretion, and uptake.
外泌体是 20 世纪 80 年代末在网织红细胞中作为内体来源的细胞外囊泡被发现的，最近由于其在细胞间通讯中的作用而引起了科学界的关注。外泌体现在被确定为携带核酸、蛋白质、脂质和其他生物活性分子的细胞特异性货物。外泌体可以被邻近或远处的细胞选择性摄取，这已经表明在受体细胞中会导致结构和功能的反应。最近的进展表明，外泌体在各种步骤中的调节，包括它们的生物发生、货物的选择以及细胞特异性摄取。这篇综述将阐明不同类型的细胞外囊泡之间的差异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了对外泌体生物发生、分泌和摄取的调节的理解的最新进展。
